طراحی و ساخت ابزار سنجش "مخاطرات روانی و اجتماعی محیط کار"
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه تعالی مشاوره و روان درمانی
طاهره اسمعیلی بیدهندی
1
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ساوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساوه، ایران.)
مجید برزگر
2
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران )
زهرا نقش
3
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: ارزیابی, ساخت, طراحی, مخاطرات روانی-اجتماعی, محیط کار.,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی ابزار سنجش "مخاطرات روانی و اجتماعی در محیط کار" در سال 1402 انجام شد. روش: این پژوهش با بررسی متون بالادستی و نیز با نظرخواهی از خبرگان (20 خبره) به صورت آمیخته اکتشافی از نوع توسعه ابزاری انجام شد. جهت جمع‌آوري داده‌ها در بخش کیفی علاوه بر بررسی متون، از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختارمند نیز استفاده گردید و در بخش کمّی ابزار تدوین شده دستاورد بخش کیفی، به عنوان زیربنای پژوهش قرار گرفت و اینگونه آمیختگی بخش کیفی با کمّی صورت پذیرفت. در بخش کمی از بین افراد شاغل، 62 نفر (زن و مرد) به شیوه تصادفی انتخاب شده و نمونه را تشکیل دادند. روش تحلیل داده‌ها تحلیل مضمون، محاسبه شاخص روایی محتوا، نسبت روایی محتوا، نمره تاثیر، توان افتراقی و همسانی درونی، بود. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های حاصل از بخش کیفی با بررسی اسنادبالادستی تعداد 69 مولفه موثر در مخاطرات روانی-اجتماعی و اثرات آن بر ارزیابی محیط کار را نشان داد که براساس آن استخر اولیه با 83 گویه تهیه شد. پس از قرار دادن استخر اولیه گویه‌ها در اختیار خبرگان، یافته‌های حاصل از بررسی CVI و CVR نشان داد تعداد 31 گویه از دید خبرگان از کیفیت لازم برخوردار نبوده و حذف شدند. در خصوص IS، DP و IC نیز برای همه 52 گویه باقی‌مانده به ترتیب مقادیر بالاتر از 5/1، 1 و 7/0 حاصل شد. نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی می‌توان گفت فرم 52 گویه‌ای تهیه شده شرایط لازم جهت بررسی در سطح نمونه اصلی گروه هدف را دارد و می‌توان آن را در نمونه وسیعی از گروه هدف، جهت دستیابی به ساختار نهایی و نمرات هنجار به کار گرفت.
Purpose: The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a tool for assessment " Designing and Constructing a Tool for "Psychosocial Risks of Workplace" in 2023. Methodology: This research was conducted by reviewing the upstream texts and also by asking the opinions of experts (20 experts) in a mixed exploratory type of tool development. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, in addition to reviewing the texts, a semi-structured interview was also used, and in the quantitative part, the compiled tool of the qualitative part was used as the foundation of the research, and this way the qualitative part was mixed with the quantitative part. The method of data analysis was thematic analysis, calculation of CVR, CVI, IS, DP and IC. Findings: The findings of the qualitative part by reviewing the above documents showed the number of 69 effective components in psycho-social risks and their effects on the evaluation of the work environment, based on which the initial pool was prepared with 83 items. After providing the initial pool of items to the experts, the findings of the CVI and CVR review showed that 31 items were not of the required quality according to the experts and were removed. Regarding IS, DP and IC, values higher than 1.5, 1 and 0.7 were obtained for all the remaining 52 items, respectively. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that the prepared 52-item form has the necessary conditions for examination at the level of the main sample of the target group, and it can be used in a large sample of the target group to achieve the final structure and norm scores.
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