Phytochemical Composition of Ethanol Extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves (EEBP) with its Effects on Haematopoietic Indices and Bone Marrow Histology of Cadmium-intoxicated Rats

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Doris Akachukwu ¹ , Charles N. Chukwu ² , Philippa C. Ojimelukwe ³ , Anthony C.C. Egbuonu ⁴ , Inemesit C. Ubiom ⁵ , Rosemary Izunwanne Uchegbu ⁶

1 - Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
2 - Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
3 - Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
4 - Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
5 - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
6 - Department of Chemistry, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Received: 2022-08-05 Accepted : 2024-07-06 Published : 2024-09-24

Keywords: Bone marrow, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Cadmium-challenged, GC-MS, Haematology, Histology,

Abstract :

Cadmium intoxication may arise from environmental pollution and cause bone and nervous system disorders. The phytochemical composition of ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves (EEBP) with its effects on haematopoietic indices and bone marrow histology of cadmium-intoxicated rats was investigated. Twenty-four male albino rats were grouped for four treatments: Group 1 - normal control, Group 2 - 5 mg kg-1 bodyweight CdCl2, Groups 3 and 5 - 200 and 400 mg kg-1 body weight EEBP, while Groups 4 and 6 received 5 mg kg-1 bodyweight CdCl2 and treated with 200 and 400 mg kg-1 bodyweight EEBP respectively for 14 days. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Six bioactive compounds were obtained with 2H-Benzocyclohepten-2-one, decahydro-9a-methyl-, trans-13-octadecanoic acid methyl ester (35.81%) being the most abundant. The extract-treated groups showed a significant increase in haemoglobin (from 10.61 to 10.78 mmol L-1), packed cell volume (41.75%), red (6.36-6.42 × 106 mm3), and total white blood cells counts (17.30-19.25 × 106 mm3). The cadmium-intoxicated groups treated with 200 and 400 mg kg-1 body weight of EEBP showed a mild reduction in progenitor cells in the bone marrow. The results suggest that EEBP possesses potent bioactive compounds and nutrients that could improve hematological properties and attenuate bone marrow degeneration in cadmium-intoxicated rats.

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