Source of Microplastic Pollution Within Human Stool in the Surabaya River Basin Area

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Edza Wikurendra ¹ , Sofi Aini ² , Imre Nagy ³ , Globila Nurika ⁴ , Novera Herdiani ⁵ , Shamsul Shamsudin ⁶

1 - Doctoral School of Management and Organizational Science, Faculty of Economic Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, 7400 Kaposvar, Guba Sandor Utca 40, Hungary|Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Wonocolo, Surabaya 60237, Indonesia
2 - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Wonocolo, Surabaya 60237, Indonesia
3 - Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
4 - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Jember, Sumbersari, Jember 68121, Indonesia
5 - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Wonocolo, Surabaya 60237, Indonesia
6 - Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Received: 2021-09-09 Accepted : 2022-01-29 Published : 2022-12-01

Keywords: Microplastics, River water pollution, Plastics waste, Human stool,

Abstract :

The Surabaya River is a tributary downstream of the Brantas River, which is the longest river in East Java. The source of raw water for the city of Surabaya comes from the Surabaya River. Currently, the pollutants in the Surabaya River are not only organic and heavy metals but also microplastics. This study aims to identify the microplastic content in human stool as well as possible sources of microplastic pollutants in the community living in the Surabaya river basin area. This research was conducted on ten samples of human stools in the Surabaya river basin area. The results showed that the types of microplastics found in human stool samples were divided into three types, namely the type of fibre, the type of fragment, and the type of filament. The most common types of microplastics were the types of fragments and filaments found in nine human stool samples. Meanwhile, the type of fibre was only found in seven samples of human stool. With the discovery of the three types of microplastics in human stool, the human stool in the Surabaya river basin area has been contaminated by microplastics. This can be possible because most of the respondents' drinking water consumption comes from bottled water. In general, this type of microplastic fragment can come from plastic bottles, plastic bags and pipe fragments.

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