Review of Recent Advances in Treatment of Celiac Disease Using Enzymatic Gluten Degradation

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Mansooreh  Hooshiyar ¹ (Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran)
Gholam Hossein  Ebrahimi Pour ² (Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran)
Mohammad  Rostami-Nejad ³ (Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)
Fahimeh Sadat  Gholam-Mostafaei ⁴ (Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)
Kaveh  Baghaei ⁵ (Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)
Alireza  Emadi ⁶ (Deputy of Research and Technology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran)
Vahid  Khalaj ⁷ (Fungal Biotechnology Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2020-08-22 Accepted : 2021-04-17 Published : 2021-10-01

Keywords: Wheat, Treatment, Celiac disease, Enzymatic gluten degradation, Aspergillus niger, Prolyl endopeptidase, Glutenase, Enzyme therapy,

Abstract :

Celiac disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory disorder, is triggered by the ingestion of gluten peptide. Wheat gluten contains gliadins and glutenins fractions, where gliadin peptides are the main cause of CD and nonceliac gluten sensitivity development. Keeping a strictgluten-free diet is the only effective treatment for CD. In recent years, lactic acid bacterial and fungal prolyl endopeptidases (PEP) have been proposed as the sources of proteolytic enzymes for the complete elimination of gluten peptides, and have also proved as a potential common therapeutic agent for CD treatment. Considering these indications, a special focus was devoted to AN-PEP-secreted PEP. Herein, we review the proteolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms, especially by the fungal strain, Aspergillus niger (AN), and discuss its beneficial properties against toxic effects of α-gliadin digestion in affected patients. The present review reveals the importance of proteolytic proteases in industrial applications; from an economic perspective, AN-PEP protease is an appropriate choice for making high-quality gluten-free products.

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