Comparative Evaluation of Cadmium Ion Uptake byWastes Generated from Zea mays

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Chidi  Duru ¹ (Surface Chemistry and Environmental Technology (SCENT) Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, PMB 2000, Imo State, Nigeria)

Received: 2020-04-08 Accepted : 2020-06-16 Published : 2020-07-15

Keywords: Cadmium, Zea mays, Husk, Stalk, Cob, Seed chaff,

Abstract :

The removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution by Zea mays husk (HK), stalk (SK), cob (CB) and seed chaff (SC) which are wastes generated after harvesting or processing this cereal were studied and compared. Batch adsorption studies were utilized to decide the impact of different parameters on the process. Cadmium ion uptake by the adsorbents increased with increase in pH from 3 – 6, with HK and CB showing a steady increase as pH changed. The removal efficiency of all the adsorbents increased with adsorbent dose. However, after 0.4 g load of adsorbent, the removal efficiency of SC became independent of adsorbent load. The maximum adsorption capacity of HK, SK and CB was attained in 12 minutes while SC reached this point in 9 minutes. The adsorption equilibrium data for all the adsorbents fitted well in the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption intensities of all the adsorbents from this model were greater than 1, and indicated that metal ion adsorption by these adsorbents were favourable physical processes. The rate of cadmium ion adsorption onto the adsorbents was better explained by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity of HK (16.36 mg/g) and SK (13.51 mg/g) showed that they had potentials for commercial application in the remediation of cadmium ion polluted water.

References:

1. Duru C.E., Enedoh M.C., Duru I.A., 2019a. Physicochemical assessment of borehole water in a reclaimed section of Nekede mechanic village, Imo State, Nigeria.Chemistry Africa. 2(4), 689-698.

2. Mudu P., Terracini B., Martuzzi M., eds, 2014. Human health in areas with industrial contamination. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

3. Duru C.E., Njoku V.O., Obi C., 2008. Heavy Metal Concentration in Urban Water Wells: A Case Study of Owerri Municipal. Journal of Chememical Society of Nigeria. 33(2), 89-93.

4. Duru C.E., Ebosie N.P., Duru I.A., 2010. Heavy Metal Levels in Surface Soils within Owerri Capital City of Imo State Nigeria. International Journal of Chemistry. 20(4), 211-216.

5. Abdel-Raouf M.S., Abdul-Raheim A.R.M.,2017. Removal of heavy metals from industrial waste water by biomass-based materials: a review. Journal of Pollutions Effect and Control. 5(1), 180. doi: 10.4172/2375-4397.1000180

6. Ibe F.C., Opara A.I., Ibe B.O., Adindu B.C., Ichu B.C.,2018. Environmental and health implications of trace metal concentrations in street dusts around some electronic repair workshops in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190, 696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7023-6.

7. Duru C.E., 2019. Assessment and modeling of heavy metal pollution of soil within reclaimed auto repair workshops in Orji, Imo State, Nigeria. Chemistry Journal of Moldova. 14(1), 54-60.

8. Sharma H., Rawal N., Mathew B.B., 2015. The characteristics, toxicity and effects of cadmium. International Journal of Nanotechnology and Nanoscience. 3, 1-9.

9. Njoku V.O., Ayuk A.A., Ejike E.E., Oguzie E.E., Duru C.E., Bello O.S., 2011. Cocoa pod husk as a low cost biosorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 5(8), 101-110.

10. Qu W., He D., Guo Y., Yining T., Ren-Jie S., 2019. Characterization of modified Alternanthera philoxeroides by diethylenetriamine and its application in the adsorption of copper(II) ions in aqueous solution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 26(21), 21189-21200.

11. Duru C.E., Nnabuchi M.A., Duru I.A., 2019b. Adsorption of Cu onto maize husk lignocelluloses in single and binary Cu-Zn solution systems: equilibrium, isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanistic studies. Egypt J Chem. 62(7), 1695-1705.

12. Foroutan R., Mohammadi R., Farjadfard S., Esmaeili H., Saberi M., Sahebi S., Dobaradaran S., Ramavandi B.,2019. Characteristics and performance of Cd, Ni and Pb bio-adsorption using Callinectes sapidus biomass: real wastewater treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 26(7), 6336-6347.

13. Duru C.E., Duru I.A., Ibe F.C., Enedoh M.C.,2017. Profiling of Zn²⁺ ion sorption in modeled aqueous solutions by different parts of maize biomass. Iosr Jac. 10 (3-1), 70-75.

14. Duru C.E., 2020. Mineral and phytochemical evaluation of Zea mays husk. Scientific African. 7, e00224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00224

15. Duru C.E., Duru I.A.,2017a. Studies of sorbent efficiencies of maize parts in Fe(II) removal from aqueous solutions. ILCPA. 72, 1-8.

16. Duru C.E., Duru I.A. 2017b. Adsorption capacity of maize biomass parts in the remediation of Cu²⁺ ion polluted water. WNOFNS. 12, 51-62.

17. Batagarawa S.M., Ajibola A.K., 2019. Comparative evaluation for the adsorption of toxic heavy metals on to millet, corn and rice husks as adsorbents. Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research. 8(3), 119-125.

18. Ismail A., Adie D.B., Oke I.A., Otun J.A., Olarinoye N.O., Lukman S., Okuofu C.A., 2009. Adsorption kinetics of cadmium ions onto corn cobs. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 87, 896-909.

19. Jagung P.T., 2011. Removal of Zn (II), Cd (II) and Mn (II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on maize stalks. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 15(1), 8-21.

20. Duru C.E., Duru I.A., Ogbonna C.E., Enedoh M.C., Emele P., 2019b. Adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solution onto natural and pretreated maize husk: adsorption efficiency and kinetic studies. J Chem Soc Nigeria. 44 (5), 798-803.

21. Javadian H., 2014. Application of kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic models for the adsorption of Co(II) ions on polyaniline/polypyrrole copolymer nanofibers from aqueous solution. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 20(6), 4233-4241.

22. Fu J.W., Chen Z.H., Wang M.H.,  Liu S., Zhang J., Zhang J., Han R.,  Xu Q.,2015. Adsorption of methylene blue by a high-efficiency adsorbent (polydopamine microspheres): kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics and mechanism analysis. Chemical Engineering Journal. 259, 53-61.

23. Wong C.W., Barford J.P., Chen G., McKay G., 2014. Kinetics and equilibrium studies for the removal of cadmium ions by ion exchange resin. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2(1), 698-707.

24. Pandey S., Tiwari S., 2015. Facile approach to synthesize chitosan based composite-characterization and cadmium (II) ion adsorption studies. Carbohydrate Polymers. 134, 646-656.

25. Lei T., Li S., Jiang F., Ren Z., Wang L. , Yang X., Tang L., Wang S.,2019. Adsorption of cadmium ions from an aqueous solution on a highly stable dopamine-modified magnetic nano-adsorbent. Nanoscale Research Letters. 14, 352. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-019-3154-0

26. Nguyen K.M., Nguyen B.Q., Nguyen H.T., Nguyen H.T., 2019. Adsorption of arsenic and heavy metals from solutions by unmodified iron-ore sludge. Applied Sciences. 9, 619.

27. Pons M.P., Fuste C.M., 1993. Uranium uptake by immobilized cells of Pseudomonas strain EPS 5028. Applied Microbiologyand Biotechnology. 39, 661-665.

28. Hayrapetyan S.S., Hayrapetyan M.S., 2017. A method for evaluating the sorption capacity of the sorbents. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research. 7(6), 48-55.

 

 

 

 

 

29. El-henday A.N.A., 2005. Surface and adsorptive properties of carbons prepared from biomass. Appl Surf Sci.252, 287-295.

30. Freundlich H., 1907. Über die Adsorption in Lösungen. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie. 57U(1), 385-470. 

31. Prol A.E., Azzem M.A., Amer A., El-Metwally M.E., El-Hamid H.T., El-Moselhy K.M., 2017. Adsorption of Cadmium (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Mango Leaves. Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences. 2(3), 1-11.

32. Horsfall Jr. M., Abia A.A., (2003). Sorption of cadmium(II) and zinc(II) ions from aqueous solutions by cassava waste biomass (Manihot sculenta Cranz). Water Res., 37, 4913-492.

33. Oliveira W.E., Franca A.S., Oliveira L.S., Rocha S.D., 2008. Untreated coffee husks as biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater, 152, 1073-1081.

34. Meunier N., Laroulandie J., Blais J.F., Tyagi R.D., 2003. Cocoa shells for heavy metal removal from acidic solutions. BioresourTechnol. 90, 255-263.

35. Cay S., Uyanık A., Ozas A.,2004. Single and binary component adsorption of copper(II) and cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions using tea-industry waste. Sep Purif Technol. 38, 273-280.

36. Brown P., Jefcoat I.A., Parrish D., Gill S., Graham S., 2000. Evaluation of the adsorptive capacity of peanut hull pellets for heavy metals in solution. AdvEnviron Res. 4, 19-29.

37.  Kumar U., Bandyopadhyay M., 2006. Sorption of cadmium from aqueous solution using pretreated rice husk, Bioresour. Technol. 97, 104-109.