Adsorption of Copper (II) Ions on a Montmorillonite Clay and its Application as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Hanane Essebaai ¹ , zakaria Benzekri ² , Houda Serrar ³ , Ahmed Lebkiri ⁴ , Said Boukhris ⁵ , Said Marzak ⁶ , ElHousseine Rifi ⁷

1 - Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Extraction Processes, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco
2 - Laboratory of Organic, Organometallic and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco
3 - Laboratory of Organic, Organometallic and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco
4 - Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Extraction Processes, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco.
5 - Laboratory of Organic, Organometallic and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofaïl University, Kenitra, Morocco
6 - Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Extraction Processes, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco.
7 - Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Extraction Processes, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco.

Received: 2020-10-24 Accepted : 2021-01-11 Published : 2022-09-01

Keywords: Copper, Heterogeneous catalyst, Kinetic Model, montmorillonite, Natural clay, Linear method, Non-linear method, Knoevenagel reaction,

Abstract :

In the present study, a simplest and most effective method was applied to removal of Cu2+ ions from an aqueous solution using Montmorillonite clay, nontoxic and abundantly available as an adsorbent. The used adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with EDX analysis. Adsorption experiments were conducted under various conditions,.i.e., contact time , initial concentration, pH of Cu(II) ions solution, adsorbent mass, and particle size . The results proved that the adsorption of Cu(II) ions by Montmorillonite clay was favorable at pH=5.5 with an extraction yield of 85% after 30 min contact. The equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. In all cases, the adsorption process fitted the second-order kinetics well, and the isotherm equation due to Freundlich showed good fits with the experimental data. In order to value ourCu-Montmorillonite clay (Cu-MC) support, we thought of applying it asrecyclableheterogeneous catalystforthe condensationof Knoevenagel. The model reaction was carried out at room temperature, using a quantity of 0.5 mg of catalyst and a volume of 2ml of ethanol, the reaction yield was excellent (87%). The recyclable solid catalyst was effective for five successive cycles, indicating that this clay is a potentially eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst.In the present study, a simplest and most effective method was applied to removal of Cu2+ ions from an aqueous solution using Montmorillonite clay, nontoxic and abundantly available as an adsorbent. The used adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with EDX analysis. Adsorption experiments were conducted under various conditions,.i.e., contact time , initial concentration, pH of Cu(II) ions solution, adsorbent mass, and particle size . The results proved that the adsorption of Cu(II) ions by Montmorillonite clay was favorable at pH=5.5 with an extraction yield of 85% after 30 min contact. The equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. In all cases, the adsorption process fitted the second-order kinetics well, and the isotherm equation due to Freundlich showed good fits with the experimental data. In order to value ourCu-Montmorillonite clay (Cu-MC) support, we thought of applying it asrecyclableheterogeneous catalystforthe condensationof Knoevenagel. The model reaction was carried out at room temperature, using a quantity of 0.5 mg of catalyst and a volume of 2ml of ethanol, the reaction yield was excellent (87%). The recyclable solid catalyst was effective for five successive cycles, indicating that this clay is a potentially eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst.

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