ارزیابی عملکرد رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis L) با سطوح کود دامی تحت شرایط تنش شوری
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیعیسی پیری 1 , عباس هراتی 2 , ابوالفضل توسلی 3 , مهدی بابائیان 4
1 - دانشیارگروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران
3 - استادیارگروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
4 - استادیارگروه تولیدات گیاهی، مجتمع آموزش عالی شیروان، شیروان، ایران
کلید واژه: کود آلی, تنش شوری, رزماری, عملکرد کمّی,
چکیده مقاله :
اثر سطوح مختلف کود دامی و تنش شوری بر عملکرد کمّی گیاه دارویی رزماری در آزمایشی ب ه صورت طرح کرت های خرد شده در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه ای واقع در شهر زاهدان، در کشت پاییزه در سال 93 -1392 بررسی گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل شوری در دو سطح (آبیاری با آب معمولی شهر زاهدان S1: 1/1 ds/m و آبیاری با آب شور زاهدان S2: 4/4ds/m) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و مصرف کود دامی در چهار سطح (M1: بدون مصرف کود، M2: مصرف 15 تن در هکتار، M3: مصرف 30 تن در هکتار و M4:مصرف 45 تن در هکتار کود دامی) به عنوان فاکتور فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که تنش شوری در مقایسه با آبیاری با آب معمولی اثر معنی داری بر ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر ساقه، وزن خشک ساقه، عملکرد اندام هوایی و عملکرد اسانس رزماری نداشت، اما باعث کاهش مقادیر اندازه گیری شده برای صفات وزن خشک و تر برگ، نسبت برگ به ساقه، ارتفاع بوته و درصد اسانس شد. مقایسه میانگین های سطوح مختلف کود دامی نشان داد که مصرف 45 تن در هکتار کود دامی منجر به افزایش اکثر صفات مورد بررسی در این آزمایش گردید، البته، بین این تیمار با تیمار مصرف 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد که اگرچه آبیاری با آب شرب سبب بهبود برخی صفات رزماری گردید اما تفاوت معنی داری بین آبیاری با آب شرب و شور خصوصاً برای صفات عملکرد برگ و عملکرد اسانس مشاهده نشد.
To study the effects of using different levels manure under salt stress conditions on the quantity and quality of rosemary a field experiment is conducted in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Zahedan during fall season of 2013-2014. The experimental treatments consisted of salinity with two levels (irrigating the field with drinking water of Zahedan [EC = 1.1 ds/m (S1)] and irrigating the field with salty water of Zahedan [EC = 4.4 ds/m (S2)] considered as the main factor and using manure with four levels (M1- without manure, M2- 15 t.ha-1, M3 - 30 t.ha-1 and M4 - 45 t.ha-1) as sub factor. Traits evaluated were plant height, leaf dry weight, leaf to stem ratio, shoot dry weight, percentage and yield of essence. Experimental results showed the salt stress did not affect significantly plant height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, biomass and essence of rosemary as comparied with drinking water (non-salinity), but a decreasing effect of saline water was observed. Using 45 t.ha-1 of manure, in comparison with other manure treatments, did have beneficial effect on most of the traits under study. However, no significant difference was observed between this treatment and with that of 30 t/ha. The simple correlation showed there is a positive and significant relationship between plant biomass and all other traits. The results also showed that there was positive and significant relationship between essence percentage and essence yield.
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Ahmadian, A., A. Ghanbari, and M. Galavi. 2007. The effect of manure on quality quantity and essence chemical index of Cumin. Iranian Agricultural Research. 4 (2): 216-207. (In Persian).
Al-Athar, M. 2012. Effects of priming on basil morphological and physiological characteristics under salt stress. Agronomy Master Thesis, University of Zabol. (In Persian).
Ano, O.A., and J.A. Agwu. 2005. Effect of animal manure on selected soil chemical properties. Journal of Soil Science. 15: 14-19.
Firuzi Airandagany, A. 2014. Effect of sulfur fertilizer on yield and essential oil content of chamomile in drought stress conditions. Agriculture Master Thesis, University of Payam Noor Zahedan. (In Persian).
Hasssnzadeh Ghortapeh, S., A. Ghalavand, M.R. Ahmadi, and K.H. Mirnia. 2002. Effect of chemical fertilizers, organic modulator on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower varieties in the province of West Azerbaijan. Journal of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences. 2: 85-104. (In Persian).
Heidari Sharifabad, H. 2002 a. Plant and drought. Forests and Meadows Research Institute of Iran, Tehran, page 171. (In Persian).
Heidari Sharifabad, H. 2002 b. Plant and salt. Publishing Forests and Meadows Research Institute of Iran, Pages 37-85. (In Persian).
Kafi, M., and A.M. Damghani. 2001. Mechanisms of plant resistance to environmental stresses. University of Mashhad. Pages 48-42. (In Persian).
Khandan, A. 2005. The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on physical and chemical properties of soil, and Plantago psyllium characters. Soil Science Master Thesis, University of Ferdowsi Mashhad. (In Persian).
Kocheki, A., and M. Teimori. 2011. Effect of irrigation and types of fertilizers on the yield of three medicinal plants: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(1): 78-87. (In Persian).
Kocheki, A., V. Hosseini, and A. Hashemi Dezful. 2001. Sustainable agriculture. The University of Mashhad Publication. PP: 164. (In Persian).
Omidbeigi, R. 2007. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Volume 1, Fifth Edition, Publication Tarahane Nashr, 283 pages. (In Persian).
Saborbilandi, M. 2005. The effect of different levels of manure on yield of upland cumin Gonabad. Proceedings of the First National Conference Cumin, Islamic Azad University. (In Persian).
Saeidnzhad, A.H., and P. Rezvani Moghadam. 2011. Evaluation of the effect of compost, vermicompost and manure on yield, yield components and the essence percentage of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Horticultural Science. 24(2): 148-142.
Sharifi Ashorabady, A. 2000. Effect of soil fertility in agricultural ecosystem. The PhD Thesis of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research, page 252. (In Persian).
Tracey, A.C., A.J. Miller, S.A. Laurie, and R.A. Leigh. 2003. Potassium activities in cell compartments of salt-grown barley leaves. Journal of Experiment Botany. 58(383): 657-661.
Walpola, B.C., and K.K.I.U. Arunakumara. 2010. Effect of salt stress on decomposition of organic matter and nitrogen mineralization in animal manure amended soils. Journal of Agrcultural Science. 5(1): 9 - 18.
Walters, D.T., M.S. Aulakh, and J.W. Doran. 1992. Effect of soil aeration, legume residue and soil texture on transformation of macro and micronutrients in soils. Soil Science. 153: 100–107.
_||_Ahmadian, A. 2011. The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers and the remains of them on eco-physiological properties of chamomile (Matricariachamomilla L.) under drought stress. Agriculture Ph.D. thesis. University of Zabol. (In Persian).
Ahmadian, A., A. Ghanbari, and M. Galavi. 2007. The effect of manure on quality quantity and essence chemical index of Cumin. Iranian Agricultural Research. 4 (2): 216-207. (In Persian).
Al-Athar, M. 2012. Effects of priming on basil morphological and physiological characteristics under salt stress. Agronomy Master Thesis, University of Zabol. (In Persian).
Ano, O.A., and J.A. Agwu. 2005. Effect of animal manure on selected soil chemical properties. Journal of Soil Science. 15: 14-19.
Firuzi Airandagany, A. 2014. Effect of sulfur fertilizer on yield and essential oil content of chamomile in drought stress conditions. Agriculture Master Thesis, University of Payam Noor Zahedan. (In Persian).
Hasssnzadeh Ghortapeh, S., A. Ghalavand, M.R. Ahmadi, and K.H. Mirnia. 2002. Effect of chemical fertilizers, organic modulator on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower varieties in the province of West Azerbaijan. Journal of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences. 2: 85-104. (In Persian).
Heidari Sharifabad, H. 2002 a. Plant and drought. Forests and Meadows Research Institute of Iran, Tehran, page 171. (In Persian).
Heidari Sharifabad, H. 2002 b. Plant and salt. Publishing Forests and Meadows Research Institute of Iran, Pages 37-85. (In Persian).
Kafi, M., and A.M. Damghani. 2001. Mechanisms of plant resistance to environmental stresses. University of Mashhad. Pages 48-42. (In Persian).
Khandan, A. 2005. The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on physical and chemical properties of soil, and Plantago psyllium characters. Soil Science Master Thesis, University of Ferdowsi Mashhad. (In Persian).
Kocheki, A., and M. Teimori. 2011. Effect of irrigation and types of fertilizers on the yield of three medicinal plants: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(1): 78-87. (In Persian).
Kocheki, A., V. Hosseini, and A. Hashemi Dezful. 2001. Sustainable agriculture. The University of Mashhad Publication. PP: 164. (In Persian).
Omidbeigi, R. 2007. Production and processing of medicinal plants. Volume 1, Fifth Edition, Publication Tarahane Nashr, 283 pages. (In Persian).
Saborbilandi, M. 2005. The effect of different levels of manure on yield of upland cumin Gonabad. Proceedings of the First National Conference Cumin, Islamic Azad University. (In Persian).
Saeidnzhad, A.H., and P. Rezvani Moghadam. 2011. Evaluation of the effect of compost, vermicompost and manure on yield, yield components and the essence percentage of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Horticultural Science. 24(2): 148-142.
Sharifi Ashorabady, A. 2000. Effect of soil fertility in agricultural ecosystem. The PhD Thesis of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research, page 252. (In Persian).
Tracey, A.C., A.J. Miller, S.A. Laurie, and R.A. Leigh. 2003. Potassium activities in cell compartments of salt-grown barley leaves. Journal of Experiment Botany. 58(383): 657-661.
Walpola, B.C., and K.K.I.U. Arunakumara. 2010. Effect of salt stress on decomposition of organic matter and nitrogen mineralization in animal manure amended soils. Journal of Agrcultural Science. 5(1): 9 - 18.
Walters, D.T., M.S. Aulakh, and J.W. Doran. 1992. Effect of soil aeration, legume residue and soil texture on transformation of macro and micronutrients in soils. Soil Science. 153: 100–107.