پاسخ فیزیولوژیک گیاه رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) به کود دامی و پلیمر سوپرجاذب در شرایط تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
زهرا رضایی
1
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران)
محمد رفیعی الحسیی
2
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران)
کلید واژه: پرولین, کلروفیل, عملکرد اسانس, کارتنوئید, محتوای آب نسبی برگ,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر کود دامی و پلیمر سوپرجاذب بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی رازیانه در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1394 در دانشگاه شهرکرد انجام شد. سطوح مختلف تیمار تنش خشکی شامل: سه سطح 50 (شاهد)، 100 و 150 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و نسبت های مختلف کود دامی (گاوی) و پلیمر سوپرجاذب در شش سطح شامل: D1: عدم مصرف کود دامی و پلیمر سوپرجاذب، D2: 10 تن در هکتار کود دامی + 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار پلیمر سوپرجاذب، D3: 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی + 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار پلیمر سوپرجاذب، D4: 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی+ 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار پلیمر سوپرجاذب، D5: 40 تن در هکتار کود دامی و D6: 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار پلیمر سوپرجاذب به عنوان فاکتور فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی و کود دامی و پلیمر سوپرجاذب و اثر متقابل آنها بر محتوای پرولین، کلروفیل b، کارتنوئید، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس این گیاه تاثیر معنی داری داشتند. همچنین، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (66/146 گرم بر مترمربع)، عملکرد اسانس (99/2 گرم بر مترمربع) و کارتنوئید از تیمار 50 میلی متر تبخیر با کاربرد D6 حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار پرولین از تیمار 150 میلی متر تبخیر با کاربرد D4 به دست آمد. بیشترین کلروفیل b از تیمار 50 میلی متر تبخیر و کاربرد D3 تولید شد. بیشترین محتوای آب نسبی برگ و کلروفیل کل از تیمار 50 میلی متر تبخیر و D6 و بیشترین کلروفیل a از تیمار 50 میلی متر و D4 حاصل شد. به طورکلی، در شرایط 50 میلی‌متر تبخیر و 200 کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب در هکتار حداکثر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس به دست آمدند. از طرف دیگر در شرایط 100 میلی متر تبخیر و با کاربرد 40 تن کود دامی در هکتار اثرات سوء تنش خشکی بر صفات عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس کاهش یافت. همچنین، در تیمار 150 میلی متر تبخیر و کاربرد کود دامی و پلیمر سوپرجاذب (به ترتیب 30 تن و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار) اثرات تنش خشکی بر صفات عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس نسبت به سایر تیمارها کاهش یافت.
To evaluate theeffect of different ratios of animal manure and super absorbent polymer on some physiological characteristics of fennel under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015 at the University of Shahrekord. Different levels of drought stress consisted of three levels of: control (50 mm), 100 mm and 150 mm evaporation from class A pan assigned to the main factor and different ratios of animal manure and super absorbent polymer in six levels including: D1: lack of manure and super absorbent polymer, D2: 10 t.ha-1 manure + 150 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer, D3: 20 t.ha-1 manure + 100 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer, D4: 30 t.ha-1 manure + 50 kg.ha-1super absorbent polymer, D5: 40 t.ha-1 manure and D6: 200 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer to the sub-factor. The results showed that the drought stress and animal manure and super absorbent polymer and their interactions had a significant effect on proline, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents, seed and essential oil yields. Also, the highest seed yield (146.66 g.m-2), essential oil yield (2.99 g.m-2) and carotenoid were obtained from control with D6. The highest proline content was obtained from 150 mm with the use of D4. The highest chlorophyll b was obtained from control and D3. The highest relative water content and total chlorophyll were obtained from control and D6, while the highest chlorophyll a was achieved from control and D4 treatment. In general, the highest seed and essential oil yields were obtained from 50 mm evaporation and 200 kg/ha superabsorbent polymer treatments. On the other hand, the effects of drought stress on seed and essential oil yields decreased by application of 40 t/ha manure at 100 mm evaporation conditions. Also, at 150 mm evaporation and use of manure and superabsorbent polymer (30 t.ha-1 and 50 kg/ha, respectively), the effects of drought stress on seed and essential oil yields decreased as compared to the other treatments.
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