بررسی اکوفیزیولوژیک کشت مخلوط ذرت (.Zea mays L) و لوبیا چشم بلبلی (Vigna unguiculata L.) تحت تأثیر کودهای زیستی

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

ایوب امیری ¹ , محمود رمرودی ² , محمد گلوی ³ , مسعود رفیعی ⁴

1 - زابل دانشگاه زابل گروه زراعت
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
3 - استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
4 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/10/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/07/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/11/01

کلید واژه: نسبت برابری زمین, ازتوباکتر, آزوسپریلیوم, نسبت کاشت, سودمندی مخلوط,

چکیده مقاله :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت سیستم‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط ذرت سینگل کراس 640 و لوبیا چشم بلبلی رقم 29005 با استفاده از کودهای زیستی در کشت راهرویی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سال 1395 در استان لرستان، شهرستان الشتر اجرا گردید. عامل اصلی شامل نسبت‌های کاشت گیاهان: تک کشتی ذرت (M1)، 75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد لوبیا (M2)، 50 درصد ذرت + 50 درصد لوبیا (M3)، 25 درصد ذرت + 75 درصد لوبیا (M4) و تک کشتی لوبیا (M5)، و عامل فرعی شامل مصرف کودهای زیستی: تلقیح بذر با باکتری ازتوباکتر و آزوسپریلیوم به میزان 100 (B1) و 200 (B2) گرم در هکتار و بدون تلقیح بذر با باکتری ازتوباکتر و آزوسپریلیوم (B3) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت و لوبیا چشم بلبلی به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر نسبت‌های کاشت و مصرف کودهای زیستی قرار گرفتند. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت (350/11 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) و ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ (250/3 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) در تیمار 75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ‌دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﮐﻮدی ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت (850/11 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) و ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ (450/3 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر) در تیمار تلقیح بذر با 200 گرم باکتری در هکتار حاصل شد. با محاسبه نسبت برابری زمین (LER) ملاحظه گردید که کشت مخلوط جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد، این دو گیاه با نسبت کاشت (75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد لوبیا) با میانگین 55/1 بیشترین مقدار را داشت که نشان دهنده سودمندی کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص این دو گیاه بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، امکان حصول عملکرد دانه و زیستی بالا در کشت مخلوط نسبت به تک کشتی آنها فراهم بوده و بهترین تیمار 75 درصد ذرت + 25 درصد لوبیاچشم بلبلی و تلقیح بذر با 200 گرم باکتری در هکتار می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study the management of different systems of maize (Zea mays) and cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) intercropping affected by biofertilizers in alley cropping, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design was conducted in 2016 in Aleshtar city, Lorestan province. The main factor consisted of plant cropping ratios: single cropping of maize (M1), 75% maize + 25% vigna (M2), 50% maize + 50% vigna (M3), 25% maize + 75% vigna (M4), and single cropping of vigna (M5) and the second factor of different combination of biofertilizer consumptions: seed inoculation with 100 g.ha-1 azetobacteria and azospirilum (B1), seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 azetobacteria and azospirilum (B2) and without seed inoculation (B3). Results showed that the maize and cowpea yields and their components were influenced by crops and biofertilizer ratios significantly. Highest maize and vigna yields (11350 and 3250 kg.ha-1 respectively) were obtained by 75% maize + 25% vigna treatment. The highest yields of maize and vigna (11850 kg and 3450 kg.ha-1 respectively) were obtained by seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 bacteria. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) with an average of 1.55 was observed with cropping ratio of 75% maize + 25% vigna. This indicates the usefulness of intercropping compared with single croppings of these two plants. It can be concluded that the best treatment in this study was 75% maize+ 25% vigna intercropping and seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 bacteria.

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