نقش میکوریزا در تحمل به خشکی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیشیوا مقدسان 1 , اکبر صفی پور افشار 2 , فاطمه سعید نعمت پور 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زیست شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش کم آبی, همیشه بهار, میکوریزا, همزیستی, ظرفیت زراعی,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزا و تنش خشکی در گیاه همیشه بهار، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه تحقیقات گیاهی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نیشابور انجام شد. میکوریزا در دو سطح (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد) به عنوان عامل اول و تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری بر اساس 100%، 75 و 50% ظرفیت زراعی) به عنوان عامل دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که در شرایط تنش خشکی خصوصیات رشدی، نظیر ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد و سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و ساقه و میزان کلروفیل‌های a و b، در گیاهان میکوریزایی و غیرمیکوریزایی به طور معنی داری کاهش یافتند. اما کاربرد میکوریزا سبب افزایش پارامترهای رشدی و رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی در گیاهان میکوریزایی نسبت به گیاهان غیرمیکوریزایی شد. میزان نسبی آب برگ، میزان فسفر و پتاسیم در اثر خشکی کاهش و مقدار پرولین افزایش یافتند. تلقیح با میکوریزا، میزان نسبی آب گیاه و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم گیاه را در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با گیاهان تلقیح نشده به طور معنی داری افزایش و مقدار پرولین را کاهش داد. نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح میکوریزایی همیشه بهار از طریق کمک به جذب آب و یون‌های معدنی سبب افزایش تحمل به خشکی آن می شود.
To study the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and drought stress on marigold, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Plant Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur branch in 2014. The first factor consisted of application and non-application of mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) and the second factor consisted of drought stress with three levels (irrigation based on 100%, 75% and 50% of field capacity). The results showed that growth parameters like plant height, leaf number, leaf area, root, shoot dry/fresh weight, Chla and Chlb content were significantly decreased by drought stress in both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. However, inoculation of plants by mycorrhizal fungus increased growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments as compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Traits like RWC, potassium and phosphorus in response to drought stress were decreased. Inoculation of plant roots with Mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly RWC, potassium and phosphorus content of the plants under drought conditions as compared with non-inoculated plants. The results also showed the mycorrhizal symbiosis by Glomus intraradices improved drought tolerance of marigold through enhancing the absorption of water and mineral ions.
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