اثر پرایمینگ بذر بر برخی خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک، عملکرد و پروتئین دانه در سه رقم گندم (Triticum aestivum L) دیم
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیکیانوش صفری 1 , یوسف سهرابی 2 , عادل سی‌وسه مرده 3 , شهریار ساسانی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
3 - استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران
4 - استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, گندم دیم, پروتئین دانه, شاخص پایداری غشا, پوشش گیاهی ابتدای فصل,
چکیده مقاله :
بررسی اثر تیمارهای پرایمینگ بذر بر عملکرد سه رقم گندم نان ریژاو، سرداری و کریم طی مطالعه‌ای در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سال‌های 95-1394 و 96-1395 انجام شد. بیشترین میانگین درصد پوشش گیاهی در ابتدای فصل رشد با 9/39 درصد از رقم سرداری و تیمار اوره 4 گرم در لیتر به دست آمد. بیشترین شاخص پایداری غشای برگ پرچم با 6/71 درصد در رقم کریم با استفاده از سولفات روی آبدار 3/0 درصد مشاهده شد. کمترین میانگین سرعت از دست دادن آب برگ پرچم از رقم کریم و تیمار سولفات روی آبدار 3/0 درصد برابر با 6/30 درصد به دست آمد. همچنین، بیشترین عملکرد دانه از رقم ریژاو و تیمار پرایمینگ بذر با اوره 4 گرم در لیتر (4/2801 کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد. بیشترین میانگین درصد پروتئین دانه به روش NIR از رقم کریم و تیمارهای اوره با غلظت 4 گرم در لیتر (32/12 درصد)، اسید آسکوربیک (31/12 درصد) و جیبرلیک اسید (18/12 درصد) با غلظت 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر به دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه ای، تیمارهای پرایمینگ با اوره 4 گرم در لیتر، سولفات روی آبدار 3/0 درصد، اسید آسکوربیک 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر و کلرید پتاسیم 100 میلی‌مولار دارای بیشترین میانگین های عملکرد دانه بودند. بر اساس مجموع صفات اندازهگیری شده در طول فصل رشد، مقادیر عملکرد و پروتئین دانه، تیمارهای اوره با غلظت 4 گرم در لیتر، سولفات روی با غلظت 3/0 درصد، اسید آسکوربیک با غلظت 100 میلی گرم بر لیتر و پتاسیم کلراید با غلظت 100 میلی گرم در لیتر بهعنوان تیمارهای مناسب و برتر پرایمینگ‌بذر در این تحقیق شناسایی و قابل توصیه هستند.
To investigate the effect of seed priming treatments on seed yield and it’s components in three bread wheat cultivars (Rijaw, Sardari and Karim) was studied under dryland condition at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Kermanshah during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing season. The priming treatments consisted of gibberellic acid with 100 mg.L-1, 24-epiprasinolide 1 mg L-1, potassium chloride with 100 mmol L-1 and polyethylene glycol (PEG4000) with -2.3 and -2.9 bar, zinc sulfate 0.1 and 0.3%, 2 and 4 g urea L-1, ascorbic acid 100 mg L-1, hydropriming with distilled water and control (without seed priming). The highest percentage of crop ground cover was obtained with 39.9% of Sardari cultivar and 4 g urea L-1. The highest relative mean water content and flag leaf membrane stability index with 88.1 and 71.6% were related to Karim cultivar with 0.3% hydrated zinc sulfate treatment, respectively. The lowest mean rate of flag leaf water loss (30.6%) was obtained from Karim cultivar with zinc sulfate treatment of 0.3%. Two-year results showed that the highest mean seed yield (2801.4 kg.ha-1) belonged to Rijaw cultivar by seed priming treatment with 4 g.L-1 urea. The highest percentages of seed protein content by NIR method of Karim cultivar and treatments of urea with a concentration of 4 g.L-1 (12.32%), ascorbic acid (12.31%) and gibberellic acid (12.18%) with 100 mg.L-1 were obtained. In this study, based on the total measured traits of morphophysiological, yield and grain quality traits, nutient treatments of urea with a concentration of 4 g L-1, zinc sulfate with a concentration of 0.3% and ascorbic acid with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 and potassium chloride 100 mmol L-1 were identified and recommended as appropriate and superior seed priming treatments.
Abdoli, M., M. Saeidi, M. Azhand, S. Jalali-Honarmand, E. Esfandiari, and F. Shekari. 2013. The effects of different levels of salinity and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) on early growth and germination of wheat seedling. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry. 9(4): 329-338.
Ahmed, M., U. Qadeer, Z.I. Ahmed, and F.U. Hassan. 2016. Improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum) drought tolerance by seed priming with silicon. Archives of Agronomy Soil Science. 62: 299-315.
2012. FAO (Food and Agriculture of United Nation). The wheat initiative an international research initiative for wheat improvement, second global conference of Agricultural research for development, http:// www.fao.org.
2017. FAO (Food and Agriculture of United Nation). World food situation, FAO cereal supply and demand brief, 7 September, Available at: http:// www.fao.org/ worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/.
Anuradha, S., and S. Rao. 2001. Effect of brassinosteroids on salinity stress induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Growth Regulation. 33: 151-153.
Anwar, M.P., A.S. Juraimi, A. Puteh, A. Selamat, M.M. Rahman, and B. Samedani. 2012. Seed priming influences weed competitiveness and productivity of aerobic rice. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B- Soil Plant Science. 62(6):499-509.
Arun, M.N., S.S. Hebbar, K. Bhanuprakas, and T. Senthivel. 2017. Seed priming improves irrigation water use efficiency, yield and yield components of summer cowpea under limited water conditions. Legume Research. 40(5): 864-871.
Babaeipour, R., K. Azizi, H.R. Eisvand, M. Daneshvar and O.A. Akbarpour. 2021. Effects of Seed Hydropriming and Nitrogen and Betaine Foliar Application on Yield Quality and Quantity of Adel Cultivar of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under Rainfed Conditions in Lorestan Province. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15(58): 153-170.
Bourgne, S., C. Job, and D. Job. 2000. Sugarbeet seed priming: solubilization of the basic subunit of 11S globulin in individual seeds. Seed Science Research. 10: 153-161.
Chauhan, P.S., S. Bisht, and M. Singh. 2017. Effects of urea, DAP, potash and their mixture on seed germination and seedling growth maize (Zea mays). Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. 5(2): 1-4.
Farooq, M., M. Irfan, T. Aziz, I. Ahmad, and S.A. Cheema. 2012. Seed priming with Ascorbic Acid improves drought resistance of wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 199(1): 12-22.
Harris, D., A. Rashid, G. Miraj, M. Arif, and M. Yunas. 2008. ‘On-farm’ seed priming with zinc in chickpea and wheat in Pakistan. Plant and Soil. 306: 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9465-4
Hsu, C.C., C.L. Chen, J.J. Chen, and J.M. Sung. 2003. Accelerated aging enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulturae. 98: 201-212.
Hussain, S., M. Zheng, F. Khan, A. Khaliq, S. Fahad, S. Peng, J. Huang, K. Cui, and L. Nie. 2015. Benefits of rice grain priming are offset permanently by prolonged storage and the storage conditions. Scientific Reports. 5:8101: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08101.
Jalilian, A., and R. Tavakkoli Afshari. 2004. Study of effects of osmo-priming on seed germination of sugarbeet under drought stress conditions. Agricultural Science Journal. 2: 23-35. (In Persian).
Karami, S., S.A.M. Modarres-Sanavy, S. Ghanehpoor, and H. Keshavarz. 2016. Effect of foliar zinc application on yield, physiological traits and seed vigor of two soybean cultivars under water deficit. Notulae Science Biology. 8(2): 181-191. https://doi.org/15835/nsb.8.2.9793.
Kopittke, P.M., N.W. Menzies, P. Wang, B.A. Mc Kenna, and E. Lombi. 2019. Soil and the intensification of agriculture for global food security. Environment International. 132: 105078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105078
Lutts, S., J.M. Kinet, and J. Bouharmont .1996. NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Annals of Botany. 78(3): 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0134
Li, R., Q. Li, and L. Pan. 2021. Review of organic mulching effects on soil and water loss. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 67(1): 136-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2020.1718111
Mirshekari, B. 2014. Effect of hormonal and physical primings on improvement of seed germination and seedling vigor of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Seed Science and Technology. 1: 22-33. (In Persian).
Ozdemir, F., M. Bor, T. Demiral, and I. Turkan. 2004. Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on seed germination, seedling growth, lipid peroxidation, proline content and antioxidative system of rice (Oryza sativa) under salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 42: 203-211.
Pask, A.J.D., J. Pietragalla, J. Mullan, and M.P. Reynolds (Eds.). 2012. Physiological breeding II: A field guide to wheat phenotyping. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. ISBN: 978-970-648-182-5.
Pessarakli, M. 2011. Hand book of plant and crop stress, 3rd edn. Published by Taylor and Francis Group. 1194 pp.
Rahmati, M., T. Hosseinpour and A. Ahmadi. 2020. Assessment of interrelationship between agronomic traits of wheat genotypes under rain-fed conditions using double and triple biplots of genotype, trait and yield. Iranian Dryland Agricultural Journal. 9(1): 0-20. https://doi.org/10.22092/IDAJ.2020.122220.284. (In Persian)
Ramezani, M., and R. Soukht Abnadany. 2013. Osom-priming effect on germination characteristics of lentil in dry areas. Journal of Plant Biology and Ecology. 9(36): 31-42
Robin, A.H.K., M.J. Uddin, S. Afrin, and P.R. Paul. 2014. Genotypic variations in root traits of wheat varieties at phytomer level. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural Univiversity. 12(1): 45-54.
Safari, K., Y. Sohrabi, A. Siosemardeh, and Sh. Sasani. 2019. Effect of seed priming on some morphophysiological characteristics of three wheat cultivars under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Journal of Wheat Research. 1(1): 53-68. (In Persian).
Safari, K., Y. Sohrabi, A. Siosemardeh, and Sh. Sasani. 2021. Effect of seed priming on some shoot and root morphophysiological characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in potted planting conditions in farm. Journal of Plant Productions. 44(1): 89-102. https://doi.org/10.22055/PPD.2019.28875.1736. (In Persian)
Sai, C.B. and P. Chidambaranathan. 2019. Reproductive stage drought tolerance in blackgram is associated with role of antioxidants on membrane stability. Plant Physiology Report. 24: 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-019-00471-x
Zheng, H.C., H.U. Jin, Z. Zhi, S.L. Ruan, and W.J. Song. 2002. Effect of seed priming with mixed-salt solution on emergence and physiological characteristics of seedling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under stress conditions. Journal of Zhejiang University. 28: 175-178.
_||_Abdoli, M., M. Saeidi, M. Azhand, S. Jalali-Honarmand, E. Esfandiari, and F. Shekari. 2013. The effects of different levels of salinity and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) on early growth and germination of wheat seedling. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry. 9(4): 329-338.
Ahmed, M., U. Qadeer, Z.I. Ahmed, and F.U. Hassan. 2016. Improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum) drought tolerance by seed priming with silicon. Archives of Agronomy Soil Science. 62: 299-315.
2012. FAO (Food and Agriculture of United Nation). The wheat initiative an international research initiative for wheat improvement, second global conference of Agricultural research for development, http:// www.fao.org.
2017. FAO (Food and Agriculture of United Nation). World food situation, FAO cereal supply and demand brief, 7 September, Available at: http:// www.fao.org/ worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/.
Anuradha, S., and S. Rao. 2001. Effect of brassinosteroids on salinity stress induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Growth Regulation. 33: 151-153.
Anwar, M.P., A.S. Juraimi, A. Puteh, A. Selamat, M.M. Rahman, and B. Samedani. 2012. Seed priming influences weed competitiveness and productivity of aerobic rice. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B- Soil Plant Science. 62(6):499-509.
Arun, M.N., S.S. Hebbar, K. Bhanuprakas, and T. Senthivel. 2017. Seed priming improves irrigation water use efficiency, yield and yield components of summer cowpea under limited water conditions. Legume Research. 40(5): 864-871.
Babaeipour, R., K. Azizi, H.R. Eisvand, M. Daneshvar and O.A. Akbarpour. 2021. Effects of Seed Hydropriming and Nitrogen and Betaine Foliar Application on Yield Quality and Quantity of Adel Cultivar of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under Rainfed Conditions in Lorestan Province. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15(58): 153-170.
Bourgne, S., C. Job, and D. Job. 2000. Sugarbeet seed priming: solubilization of the basic subunit of 11S globulin in individual seeds. Seed Science Research. 10: 153-161.
Chauhan, P.S., S. Bisht, and M. Singh. 2017. Effects of urea, DAP, potash and their mixture on seed germination and seedling growth maize (Zea mays). Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. 5(2): 1-4.
Farooq, M., M. Irfan, T. Aziz, I. Ahmad, and S.A. Cheema. 2012. Seed priming with Ascorbic Acid improves drought resistance of wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 199(1): 12-22.
Harris, D., A. Rashid, G. Miraj, M. Arif, and M. Yunas. 2008. ‘On-farm’ seed priming with zinc in chickpea and wheat in Pakistan. Plant and Soil. 306: 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9465-4
Hsu, C.C., C.L. Chen, J.J. Chen, and J.M. Sung. 2003. Accelerated aging enhanced lipid peroxidation in bitter gourd seeds and effects of priming and hot water soaking treatments. Scientia Horticulturae. 98: 201-212.
Hussain, S., M. Zheng, F. Khan, A. Khaliq, S. Fahad, S. Peng, J. Huang, K. Cui, and L. Nie. 2015. Benefits of rice grain priming are offset permanently by prolonged storage and the storage conditions. Scientific Reports. 5:8101: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08101.
Jalilian, A., and R. Tavakkoli Afshari. 2004. Study of effects of osmo-priming on seed germination of sugarbeet under drought stress conditions. Agricultural Science Journal. 2: 23-35. (In Persian).
Karami, S., S.A.M. Modarres-Sanavy, S. Ghanehpoor, and H. Keshavarz. 2016. Effect of foliar zinc application on yield, physiological traits and seed vigor of two soybean cultivars under water deficit. Notulae Science Biology. 8(2): 181-191. https://doi.org/15835/nsb.8.2.9793.
Kopittke, P.M., N.W. Menzies, P. Wang, B.A. Mc Kenna, and E. Lombi. 2019. Soil and the intensification of agriculture for global food security. Environment International. 132: 105078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105078
Lutts, S., J.M. Kinet, and J. Bouharmont .1996. NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Annals of Botany. 78(3): 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0134
Li, R., Q. Li, and L. Pan. 2021. Review of organic mulching effects on soil and water loss. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 67(1): 136-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2020.1718111
Mirshekari, B. 2014. Effect of hormonal and physical primings on improvement of seed germination and seedling vigor of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Seed Science and Technology. 1: 22-33. (In Persian).
Ozdemir, F., M. Bor, T. Demiral, and I. Turkan. 2004. Effects of 24-epibrassinolide on seed germination, seedling growth, lipid peroxidation, proline content and antioxidative system of rice (Oryza sativa) under salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 42: 203-211.
Pask, A.J.D., J. Pietragalla, J. Mullan, and M.P. Reynolds (Eds.). 2012. Physiological breeding II: A field guide to wheat phenotyping. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. ISBN: 978-970-648-182-5.
Pessarakli, M. 2011. Hand book of plant and crop stress, 3rd edn. Published by Taylor and Francis Group. 1194 pp.
Rahmati, M., T. Hosseinpour and A. Ahmadi. 2020. Assessment of interrelationship between agronomic traits of wheat genotypes under rain-fed conditions using double and triple biplots of genotype, trait and yield. Iranian Dryland Agricultural Journal. 9(1): 0-20. https://doi.org/10.22092/IDAJ.2020.122220.284. (In Persian)
Ramezani, M., and R. Soukht Abnadany. 2013. Osom-priming effect on germination characteristics of lentil in dry areas. Journal of Plant Biology and Ecology. 9(36): 31-42
Robin, A.H.K., M.J. Uddin, S. Afrin, and P.R. Paul. 2014. Genotypic variations in root traits of wheat varieties at phytomer level. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural Univiversity. 12(1): 45-54.
Safari, K., Y. Sohrabi, A. Siosemardeh, and Sh. Sasani. 2019. Effect of seed priming on some morphophysiological characteristics of three wheat cultivars under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Journal of Wheat Research. 1(1): 53-68. (In Persian).
Safari, K., Y. Sohrabi, A. Siosemardeh, and Sh. Sasani. 2021. Effect of seed priming on some shoot and root morphophysiological characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in potted planting conditions in farm. Journal of Plant Productions. 44(1): 89-102. https://doi.org/10.22055/PPD.2019.28875.1736. (In Persian)
Sai, C.B. and P. Chidambaranathan. 2019. Reproductive stage drought tolerance in blackgram is associated with role of antioxidants on membrane stability. Plant Physiology Report. 24: 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-019-00471-x
Zheng, H.C., H.U. Jin, Z. Zhi, S.L. Ruan, and W.J. Song. 2002. Effect of seed priming with mixed-salt solution on emergence and physiological characteristics of seedling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under stress conditions. Journal of Zhejiang University. 28: 175-178.