اثرات مصرف باکتری آزوسپریلوم لیپوفروم (Azospirillum lipoferum)، محصول قبلی و مقدار مصرف نیتروژن بر رشد و عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در تنکابن
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمیلاد جوادی 1 , هاشم امین پناه 2
1 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: برنج, تثبیت بیولوژیکی نیتروژن, باکتری های محرک رشد, تغذیه معدنی برنج, تناوب بقولات,
چکیده مقاله :
کشت گیاهان زمستانه خانواده بقولات در تناوب با برنج و استفاده از باکتری های محرک رشد گیاه می توانند راه کار مناسبی در جهت افزایش پایداری تولید در مزارع برنج باشند. به منظور بررسی اثر باکتری آزوسپریلوم لیپوفروم، محصول قبلی و مقدار نیتروژن بر رشد و عملکرد رقم شیرودی برنج، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات برنج تنکابن، استان مازندران، در سال 1393 انجام شد. گیاهان قبلی شبدر برسیم، باقلا و آیش به عنوان عوامل اصلی و دو سطح از مصرف باکتری آزوسپریلوم (تلقیح و عدم تلقیح) و سه سطح مقدار از کود نیتروژنه توصیه شده (50، 75 و 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) به عنوان عوامل فرعی به صورت فاکتوریل در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد برنج در صورت کاشت آن پس از شبدر برسیم حدود سه درصد بیشتر از عملکرد برنج در صورت کاشت آن پس از آیش بود. در مقابل، عملکرد شلتوک در صورت کاشت آن پس از باقلا حدود 16 درصد کمتر از عملکرد شلتوک در صورت کاشت آن پس از آیش بود. کاربرد باکتری آزوسپریلوم سبب افزایش عملکرد شلتوک به میزان 14 درصد گردید. با افزایش مصرف نیتروژن از 50 به 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار، عملکرد شلتوک به میزان 11 درصد افزایش یافت، در حالی که مصرف بیشتر نیتروژن اثر معنی داری بر عملکرد شلتوک نداشت. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، کاربرد باکتری آزوسپریلوم به همراه مصرف 75 درصد از مقدار نیتروژن توصیه شده جهت دست یابی به حداکثر عملکرد برنج رقم شیرودی در تنکابن می تواند مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
Incorporation of winter legume crops in rotation with rice and using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be a proper alternative approach in increasing sustainable crop production in rice fields. A split factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Mazandaran province, Iran, in 2014 to evaluate the effects of previous crop, Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation, and N rate on growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Shiroudi). Main plots were consisted of previous crop [berseem clover, faba bean, and control (fallow)] and subplots of Azospirillum lipoferum (Inoculated and Un-inoculated) and recommended rate of N applications (50, 75, and 100 kg.ha-1). Analysis of variance showed that rice paddy yield was significantly affected by previous crop, Azospirillum lipoferum and N rate. Result also showed that rice paddy yield was increased only by 3% when rice was planted after berseem clover as it compared with rice plant after fallow. However, rice paddy yield was significantly reduced by 16% when it was planted after faba bean as compared to that it was planted after fallow. Rice paddy yield was significantly increased by 14% after Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation. Rice paddy yield was significantly increased by 11% when N application increased from 50 to 75 kg N ha-1, and further N application (100 kg N ha-1) did not affect paddy yield significantly. Based on the result of this experiment, planting rice after berseem clover, Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation and application of kg N ha-1 of recommended rates can be used to obtain highest paddy yield in the experimental site.
Ahmad, T., F.Y. Hafeez, T. Mahmood, and K.A. Malik. 2001. Residual effect of nitrogen fixed by mungbean (Vigna radiata) and blackgram (Vigna mungo) on subsequent rice and wheat crops. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 41: 245–248.
Ali Abbasi H.R., M. Esfahani, B. Rabiei, and M. Kavousi. 2007. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizing Management on Rice (Cv. Khazar) Yield and Its Components in a Paddy Soil of Guilan Province. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources - Isfahan University of Technol. 10 (4): 293-307. (In Persian).
Balandreau, J. 2002. The spermosphere model to select for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. In: Biofertilisers in action. Kennedy, I.R., and A.T.M.A. Choudhury (eds.) pp: 55–63. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra.
Bashan, Y., and L.E. de-Bashan .2020. How the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum Promotes Plant Growth—A Critical Assessment. Advances in Agronomy. 108:77-136.
Biswas J.C., J.K. Ladha, F.B. Dazzo, Y.G. Yanni, and B.G. Rolfe. 2000. Rhizobial inoculation influences seedling vigor and yield of rice. Agronomy Journal. 92: 880–886.
Choudhury, A.T.M.A., and I.R. Kennedy. 2004. Prospects and potentials for systems of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable rice production. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 39: 219–227.
Choudhury, A.T.M.A, and Y.M. Khanif. 2001. Evaluation of the effects of nitrogen and magnesium fertilization on rice yield and fertilizer nitrogen efficiency using 15N tracer technique. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 24:855–871.
Choudhury A.T.M.A., Y.M. Khanif, H. Aminuddin, and W. Zakaria. 2002. Effects of copper and magnesium fertilization on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency: a 15N tracer study. In: Proceedings of the 17th World Congress of Soil Science, Bangkok, Thailand Symposium no. 50, paper no. 226, pp 1–10.
Cong P.T., T.D. Dung, T.M. Hien, N.T. Hien, A.T.M.A. Choudhury, M.L. Kecskés, and I.R. Kennedy. 2009. Inoculant plant growth-promoting microorganisms enhance utilization of urea-N and grain yield of paddy rice in southern Vietnam. European Journal of Soil Biology. 45: 52–61.
Danga, B.O., J.P. Ouma, I.I.C. Wakindiki, and A. Bar-Tal. 2009. Legume– wheat rotation effects on residual soil moisture, nitrogen and wheat yield in tropical regions. Advances in Agronomy. 101: 315-349.
Dowling, N.G., S.M. Greenfield, and K.S. Fisher. 1998. Sustainability of rice the global food system. 1st Ed. Los Banos, Philippines.
Evans, J., N.A. Fettell, D.R. Coventry, G.E. O’Connor, D.N. Walsgott, J. Mahoney, and E.L. Armstrong. 1991. Wheat response after temperate crop legumes in southeastern Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 42: 31–43.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization). 2013. FAOSTAT statistics database [Online]. Available at http://faostat.fao.org
Faraji, H., G.H. Siyadat, and A. Fathi. 2000. Effects of mode of application of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of two genotypes modify the conditions of Ahvaz. Crop Science Congress. 344-345. (In Persian).
Fyson, A., and A. Oaks. 1990. Growth promotion of maize by legume in soils. Plant and Soil. 122: 259–266.
Garnier, E., J.L. Salager, G. Laurent, and  .L. Sonie. 1999. Relationships between photosynthesis, nitrogen and leaf structure in 14 grass species and their dependence on the basis of expression. New Phytologist. 143: 119-129.
Hayat, R., S, Ali, M.T. Siddique, and T.H. Chatha. 2008a. Biological nitrogen fixation of summer legumes and their residual effects on subsequent rainfed wheat yield. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40 (2): 711–722
Hayat, R., S. Ali, S.S. Ijaz, T.H. Chatha, and M.T. Siddique. 2008b. Estimation of N2-fixation of mung bean and mash bean through xylem uriede technique under rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40 (2): 723–734.
Kazemi Poshtmassari, H., H. Pirdashti, M.A. Bahmanyar, and M. Nasiri. 2007. Study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates and split application on yield and yield components of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 75: 68-77. (In Persian).
Kessel, C.V., and C. Hartley. 2000. Agricultural management of grain legumes: has it led to an increase in nitrogen fxation? Field Crops Research. 65: 165-181.
Ladha, J.K., R.B. So, and I. Watanabe. 1987. Composition of Azospirillum species associated with wetland rice plant grown in different soils. Plant and Soil. 102:127–129.
Lifang, H., S. Fan, Z. Zongsheng, and F. Libo. 2000. A systematic approach to balancing soil in Broad bean-Rice rotation in Yunnan. Bet. Better Crops- International Plant Nutrition Institute. 14(2): 55-71.
Liu, Q.H., X. Wu, T. Li, J.Q. Ma, and X.B. Zhou. 2013. Effects of elevated air temperature on physiological characteristics of flag leaves and grain yield in rice. Chilean Journal Agricultural Research. 73(2):85-90.
Lo´pez-Bellido R.J., L. Lo´pez-Bellido, J.E. Castillo, and F.J. Lo´pez-Bellido. 2004. Chickpea response to tillage and soil residual nitrogen in a continuous rotation with wheat II. Soil nitrate, N uptake and influence on wheat yield. Field Crops Research. 88: 201–210.
Malik, K.A., M.S. Mirza, U. Hassan, S. Mehnaz, G. Rasul, J. Haurat, R. Bally, and P. Normand. 2002. The role of plant-associated beneficial bacteria in rice-wheat cropping system. Biofertilisers in action, Kennedy, I.R., and A.T.M.A. Choudhury (eds.). pp: 73–83. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra.
Mann, R.A., M.S. Zia, and M. Salim. 2000. New dimensions in green manuring for sustaining the productivity of rice wheat system. Proc. Symp. Integrated Plant Nutrition Management. Ahmad, N. and A. Hamid (eds.). November 8-10, 1999, pp: 166-185. NFDC, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Mirza, M.S., G. Rasul, S. Mehnaz, J.K. Ladha, R.B. So, S. Ali, and K.A. Malik. 2000. Beneficial effects of inoculated nitrogen-fixing bacteria on rice. In ‘‘The Quest for Nitrogen Fixation in Rice. Ladha, J.K., and P.M. Reddy (eds.). pp: 191–204. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
Mobasser, H.R., G. Noor mohamadi, V.M. Fallah, F. Darvish, and E. Majidi. 2005. Effects of nitrogen rates and splitting on grain yield of rice (oryza sativa L.) Var. Tarom Hashemi. Journal of Agricultural Science. 11(3): 109-113. (In Persian).
Mohammadian Roshan, N., E. Amiri, M. Sadeghi, M. Moradi, and A. Azarpour. 2011. Investigation the effect of N rate and N split application on yield and agronomic characteristics of rice (cv. Hashemi). Bio-Science Journal. 5(4): 131-144. (In Persian).
Mostafavi Rad, M., and Z. Tahmasbi Sarvastani. 2003. Investigation of nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization in three rice genotypes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Research. 10(2), 21-31. (In Persian).
Nahvi, M., N. Davatgar, F. Derighgoftar, A. Sheikhhosseinian, and M. Abbasian 2012. Determination of N fertilization demand in wheat by leaf color diagram. Journal of Grain and Plant Improvement. 28(2): 53-68. (In Persian).
Nahvi, M., S. Babazadeh, and H. Sabouri. 2010. Effect of rate and split application of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components in (Bahar) hybrid rice cultivar. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 8(5):845-854. (In Persian).
Nayak, D.N., J.K. Ladha, and I. Watanabe. 1986. The fate of marker Azospirillum lipoferum inoculated into rice and its effect on growth, yield and N2 fixation of plants studied by acetylene reduction, 15N2 feeding and 15N dilution techniques. Biology and Fertillity of Soils. 2:7–14.
Panahi A., H. Aminpanah, and P. Sharifi. 2015. Effect of Nitrogen, Bio-Fertilizer, and Silicon Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Philippine Journal of Crop Science. 40 (1): 76-81.
Peoples, M.B., and D.F. Herridge. 1990. Nitrogen fixation by legumes in tropical and sub-tropical agriculture. Advances in Agronomy. 44: 155–223.
Reeves T.G., S.R. Waddington, I. Ortiz-Monasterio, M. Ba¨nziger, and K. Cassaday. 2002. Removing nutritional limits to maize and wheat production: A developing country perspective, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton, ACT.
Rodrigues, E.P., L.S. Rodrigues, A.L.M. de Oliveira, V.L.D. Baldani, K.R.D. Teixeira, S. Urquiaga, and V.M. Reis. 2008. Azospirillum amazonense inoculation: Effects on growth, yield and N2-fixation of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant and Soil. 302: 249–261.
Sabori, H., A. Rezai, S.A.M. Mirmohammady Maibody, and M. Esfahani. 2005. Path analysis for rice grain yield and related traits in tow planting patterns. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources - Isfahan University of Technol. 9(1):113-129. (In Persian).
Shrestha R.K., and J.K. Ladha. 1998. Nitrate in groundwater and integration of nitrogen-catch crop in rice-sweet pepper cropping system. Soil Science Society of American Journal. 62:1610–1619.
Tabrizi, A.A., G. Nour Mohammadi, and H.R. Mobasser. 2015. Effects of different cropping systems on fertility of paddy soil. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 9(2): 191-202. (In Persian).
Teimoorian, M., M. Galavi, H. Pirdashti, and M. Nasiri 2009. Yield and yield components of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in response to source-sink limitations and different nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Plant Production. 16(3): 49-66. (In Persian).
Weerakoon, W.M.W., K.T. Ingram, and D.N. Moss. 2005. At-mospheric CO2 concentration effects on N partitioning and fertilizer N recovery in field grown rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 108: 342–349.
Yasuda, M., T. Isawa, S. Shinozaki, K. Minamisawa, and H. Nakashita. 2009. Effects of colonization of a bacterial endophyte, Azospirillum sp. B510, on disease resistance in rice. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 73: 2595–2599.
Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of rice crop science. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines