آرمان ستوده
1
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
طیب ساکی نژاد
2
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
علیرضا شکوه فر
3
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
شهرام لک
4
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
مانی مجدم
5
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
چکیده مقاله :
تنش کمبود آب به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین عوامل محدود کننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان می باشد که در سال های اخیر کاربرد روش های مختلف جهت کاهش اثرات منفی آن مورد توجه بسیاری از محققان قرار گرفته است. این آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی انجام شد. تأثیر محلول پاشی منیزیم و پتاسیم بر ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی ذرت (رقم سینگل کراس 704) در دورهای مختلف آبیاری (50، 75 و 100 میلی متر تبخیر از تشت کلاس A) موردارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس حاکی از آن بود که اثر متقابل آبیاری و ترکیب منیزیم و پتاسیم بر ویژگی های ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال، میزان جذب پتاسیم، میزان جذب منیزیم، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، پرولین، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت تاثیر معنی دار آماری داشت. نتایج بررسی مقایسه میانگین اثر ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و منیزیم ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات مورفولوژیکی و ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ تحمل ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ذرت (رقم سینگل کراس 704) نشان داد که ﻣﺼﺮف این عناصر باعث اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ معنی دار صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، طول بلال، تعداد دانه در بلال، میزان جذب پتاسیم، میزان جذب منیزیم، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ کمبود آب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ؛ به گونه ای که بیشترین مقدار این صفات در شرایط تبخیر 50 میلی متر از تشت تبخیر و کاربرد 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات منیزیم و 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات پتاسیم بود. محلول پاشی غلظت های مختلف ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎتﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت منیزیم از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و منیزیم، ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺑﺮگ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ و همچنین اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ در ﺑﺮگ ﮔﯿﺎه، اثرات منفی کمبود آب را تعدیل و تحمل ذرت به شرایط کمبود آب را بهبود بخشید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Drought stress is one of the most important factors that limiting the growth and yield of plants. In recent years the use of various methods to reduce its negative effects has been considered by many researchers. This experiment was performed as a split plot in the form of randomized complete blocks with four replications in two years. The effect of foliar application of different ratios of magnesium and potassium on the morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of maize (single cross cultivar 704) in different irrigation cycles (50, 75 and 100 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) was evaluated. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of irrigation and magnesium to potassium ratio on the characteristics of height, stem diameter, ear length, number of seeds per ear, potassium uptake, magnesium uptake, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, Carotenoids, proline, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index had a statistically significant effect. The results of the study of the effect of potassium and magnesium on morphological and biochemical changes in drought tolerance in maize (Single Cross 704 cultivar) showed that consumption of these elements significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, ear length, number of seeds per ear, uptake rate Potassium, magnesium uptake, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index in water deficit conditions; So that the highest value of these traits in evapotranspiration conditions was 50 mm from the evapotranspiration pan and application of 200 kg of magnesium sulfate/ 300 kg of potassium sulfate. Also, foliar application of different concentrations of potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate by increasing the uptake of potassium and magnesium, preserving leaf chlorophyll, resulting in more effective photosynthesis as well as increasing the concentration of proline in plant leaves, moderate the negative effects of water deficiency and corn tolerance to conditions. Improve water shortage.
منابع و مأخذ:
Abedi Babaarabi, S., M. Movahedi Dehnavi, A.R. Badavi, and A. Adhami. 2012. Effects of Zn and K foliar application on physiological traits and yield of spring safflower under drought stress. Journal of Crop Production. 4(1): 75-90.
Ahmad, A., Z. Aslam, M.Z. Ilyas, H. Ameer, A. Mahmood, and M. Rehan. 2019. Drought stress mitigation by foliar feeding of potassium and amino acids in wheat. Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences. 18: 10-18.
Altarugio, L.M., M.H. Loman, M.G. Nirschl, R.G. Silvano, E. Zavaschi, G.C. Vitti, P.H.D.C. Luz, and R. Otto. 2017. Yield performance of soybean and corn subjected to magnesium foliar spray. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. 52(12): 1185-1191.
Amtmann, A., and M.R. Blatt. 2009. Regulation of macronutrient transport. New Phytologist. 181: 35-52.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1-15.
Asgharipour, M.R., and M. Heidari. 2011. Effect of potassium supply on drought resistance in sorghum: plant growth and macronutrient content. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 48(3): 197-204.
Aslam, M.R., M. Maqsood, Z. Ahmad, S. Akhtar, M. Rizwan, and M.U. Hameed. 2018. Effect of foliar applied magnesium sulphate and irrigation scheduling on quality and yield of maize hybrid. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research. 31(2): 173-179.
Bates, L.S., R.P.Waldren, and I. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1): 205-207.
Bhattacharyya, K., T. Dasa, K. Rayb, S. Duttac, K. Majumdard, A. Paria, and H. Banerje. 2018. Yield of and nutrient-water use by maize exposed to moisture stress and K fertilizers in an inceptisol of West Bengal, India. Agricultural Water Management. 206: 31-41.
Bukvic, G., M. Antunovic, S. Popović, and M. Rastija. 2003. Effect of P and Zn fertilisation on biomass yield and its uptake by maize lines (Zea mays). Plant, Soil and Environment. 49(11): 505-510.
Cakmak, I., and E.A. Kirkby. 2008. Role of magnesium in carbon partitioning and alleviating photooxidative damage. Physiologia plantarum. 133(4): 692-704.
Dehghani Ahmadabadi, M., A. Shahnazari, A. Khadami Firouzabadi, and M.R. Ardakani. 2021. The effect of irrigation management on the growth and water consumption efficiency of corn plants under different levels of biochar. Journal of Water Management in Agriculture. 8(1): 1-15. (In Persian).
Efeoglu, B., Y. Ekmekçi, and N. Cicek. 2009. Physiological responses of three maize cultivars to drought stress and recovery. South African Journal of Botany. 75(1): 34-42.
Farhat, N., A. Elkhouni, W. Zorrig, A. Smaoui, C. Abdelly, and M. Rabhi. 2016. Effects of magnesium deficiency on photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 38(6): 1-10.
Fathi, S., A. Samadi, M. Davari, and S. Asadi Kapourchal. 2014. Evaluating different extractants for determining corn available potassium in some calcareous soils of Kurdistan province. Journal of Cereal Research. 4(3): 253-266. (In Persian)
Hasanzade, E., M. Ghajar Sepanlou, and M. Bahmanyar. 2013. The effect of potassium and manure application on concentration of macro elements on wheat under different water stresses. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 36 (1): 77-85. (In Persian)
Heidari, , and M.R. Asgharipour. 2012. Effect of different levels of potassium sulfate and drought stress on yield and yield attributes of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(2): 374-381. (In Persian)
Iqbal, A., and Z. Hidayat. 2016. Potassium management for improving growth and grain yield of maize (Zeamays) under moisture stress condition.Scientific Reports. 6(1): 1-12.
Kaman, H., C. Kirda, and S. Sesveren. 2011. Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 98: 801-807.
Kanjana, D. 2020. Foliar application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on nutrient element concentrations, growth, physiological, and yield parameters of cotton. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 43(20): 3035-3049.
Kwizera, C., B.T.I. Ong'or, S. Kaboneka, F. Nkeshimana, and N. Ahiboneye. 2019. Effects of potassium fertilizer on bean growth and yield parameters. Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering. 5 (1): 1-7.
Li, Y., X. Liu, and W. Zhuang, 2001. Effect of magnesium deficiency on nitrogen metabolism of longan (Dimocarpus longana Lour) seedlings. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science. 7: 218-222.
Majidi, A., and K. Kharazmi. 2015. Potassium and magnesium interaction in alfalfa (Medicago sativa ). Applied Field Crops Research.108 (1): 1-7. (In Persian)
Maleki, A., S. Fazel, R. Naseri, K. Rezaei, and M. Heydari. 2014. The effect of potassium and zinc sulfate application on grain yield of maize under drought stress conditions. Advances in Environmental Biology. 8(4): 890-894. (In Persian)
Malvi, U.R. 2011. Interaction of micronutrients with major nutrients with special reference to potassium. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 24(1):106-109.
Marschner, H. 2012. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Vol. 89: Academic press.
Masjedi, A., A. Shokohfar, and M. Alavi Fazel. 2009. A survey of most suitable irrigation scheduling and effect of drought stress on yield for summer corn (SC.704) with class A evaporation pan in Ahvaz. Journal of Hydrology and Soil Science. 12 (46): 543-550. (In Persian)
Merhaut, D.J. 2007. Magnesium. In: Barker A.V. and D.J. Pilbeam, (Eds) Handbook of Plant Nutrition (1st Edn). CRC Taylor and Francis, NY. pp. 145-181.
Moeini, A.R., A. Neshat, N. Yazdanpanah, and A. Pasandi Pour. 2022. Effect of super absorbent polymer and soil texture affecting the physiological response of maize (Zea mays) under water deficit stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 16(1): 43-60. (In Persian)
Najafi, N.A., and M. Mostafaeei. 2015. Improvement of corn plant nutrition by farmyard manure application and intercropping with bean and bitter vetch in a Calcareous soil. Electronic Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 5(1): 1-22. (In Persian)
Peel, M.C., B.L. Finlayson, and T. A. McMahon. 2007. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 4(2): 439-473.
Rafiee, M. 2014. Evaluation of grain yield and yield components of maize hybrids in double cropping with winter crops in temperate condition of Khorramabad. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 16 (1): 39-50.(In Persian)
Sadeghian Dehkordi, S.A., A. Tadayyon, M.R. Tadayyon, and A. Saffar. 2015. Effect of drought stress and bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on some morphplogical and physiological characteristis of linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal. 5(2): 83-91. (In Persian)
Salehi, R., A. Maleki, and H. Dehghanzadeh. 2012. Effect of potassium and zinc sulphat application on yield and yield componemts of maiz (Sc 704) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production inEnvironmentalStress. 4(3): 59-70. (In Persian)
Salgado-Aguilar, M., T. Molnar, J. Pons-Hernández, J. Covarrubias-Prieto, J. Ramirez-Pimentel, J.C. Raya-Perez1, S. Hearne, and G. Iturriaga. 2020. Physiological and biochemical analyses of novel drought-tolerant maize lines reveal osmoprotectant accumulation at silking stage. Chilean Journal of Agriculture Reasearch. 80(2): 241-253.
Shao, H., Z. Liang, and M. Shao. 2006. Osmotic regulation of 10 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotyps at soil water deficits. Colloids and Surface: Biology Interface. 47:132-139.
Tahaei, S.A.R., M. Nasri, A. Soleimani, F. Ghooshchi, and M. Oveysi. 2022. Effects of growth regulators and proline amino acid on yield and yield components of single cross 704 maize under drought stress conditions in Isfahan province. Environmental stresses in Crop Sciences. 15(3): 15-32. (In Persian)
Wallace, J.S. 2000. Increasing agricultural water use efficiency to meet future food production water content in tow maize cultivar. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science. 10 (22): 4022-4028.
Wang, M., Q. Zheng, Q. Shen, and S. Guo. 2013. The critical role of potassium in plant stress response. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 14(4): 7370-7390.
Wei, J., C. Li, Y. Li, G. Jiang, G. Cheng, and Y. Zheng. 2013. Effects of external potassium (K) supply on drought tolerances of two contrasting winter wheat cultivars. Plos One. 8: e69737.
Weimberg, R. 1987. Solute adjustments in leaves of two species of wheat at two different stages of growth in response to salinity. Physiologia Plantarum. 70 (3): 381-388.
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Abedi Babaarabi, S., M. Movahedi Dehnavi, A.R. Badavi, and A. Adhami. 2012. Effects of Zn and K foliar application on physiological traits and yield of spring safflower under drought stress. Journal of Crop Production. 4(1): 75-90.
Ahmad, A., Z. Aslam, M.Z. Ilyas, H. Ameer, A. Mahmood, and M. Rehan. 2019. Drought stress mitigation by foliar feeding of potassium and amino acids in wheat. Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences. 18: 10-18.
Altarugio, L.M., M.H. Loman, M.G. Nirschl, R.G. Silvano, E. Zavaschi, G.C. Vitti, P.H.D.C. Luz, and R. Otto. 2017. Yield performance of soybean and corn subjected to magnesium foliar spray. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. 52(12): 1185-1191.
Amtmann, A., and M.R. Blatt. 2009. Regulation of macronutrient transport. New Phytologist. 181: 35-52.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1-15.
Asgharipour, M.R., and M. Heidari. 2011. Effect of potassium supply on drought resistance in sorghum: plant growth and macronutrient content. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 48(3): 197-204.
Aslam, M.R., M. Maqsood, Z. Ahmad, S. Akhtar, M. Rizwan, and M.U. Hameed. 2018. Effect of foliar applied magnesium sulphate and irrigation scheduling on quality and yield of maize hybrid. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research. 31(2): 173-179.
Bates, L.S., R.P.Waldren, and I. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil. 39(1): 205-207.
Bhattacharyya, K., T. Dasa, K. Rayb, S. Duttac, K. Majumdard, A. Paria, and H. Banerje. 2018. Yield of and nutrient-water use by maize exposed to moisture stress and K fertilizers in an inceptisol of West Bengal, India. Agricultural Water Management. 206: 31-41.
Bukvic, G., M. Antunovic, S. Popović, and M. Rastija. 2003. Effect of P and Zn fertilisation on biomass yield and its uptake by maize lines (Zea mays). Plant, Soil and Environment. 49(11): 505-510.
Cakmak, I., and E.A. Kirkby. 2008. Role of magnesium in carbon partitioning and alleviating photooxidative damage. Physiologia plantarum. 133(4): 692-704.
Dehghani Ahmadabadi, M., A. Shahnazari, A. Khadami Firouzabadi, and M.R. Ardakani. 2021. The effect of irrigation management on the growth and water consumption efficiency of corn plants under different levels of biochar. Journal of Water Management in Agriculture. 8(1): 1-15. (In Persian).
Efeoglu, B., Y. Ekmekçi, and N. Cicek. 2009. Physiological responses of three maize cultivars to drought stress and recovery. South African Journal of Botany. 75(1): 34-42.
Farhat, N., A. Elkhouni, W. Zorrig, A. Smaoui, C. Abdelly, and M. Rabhi. 2016. Effects of magnesium deficiency on photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 38(6): 1-10.
Fathi, S., A. Samadi, M. Davari, and S. Asadi Kapourchal. 2014. Evaluating different extractants for determining corn available potassium in some calcareous soils of Kurdistan province. Journal of Cereal Research. 4(3): 253-266. (In Persian)
Hasanzade, E., M. Ghajar Sepanlou, and M. Bahmanyar. 2013. The effect of potassium and manure application on concentration of macro elements on wheat under different water stresses. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 36 (1): 77-85. (In Persian)
Heidari, , and M.R. Asgharipour. 2012. Effect of different levels of potassium sulfate and drought stress on yield and yield attributes of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(2): 374-381. (In Persian)
Iqbal, A., and Z. Hidayat. 2016. Potassium management for improving growth and grain yield of maize (Zeamays) under moisture stress condition.Scientific Reports. 6(1): 1-12.
Kaman, H., C. Kirda, and S. Sesveren. 2011. Genotypic differences of maize in grain yield response to deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 98: 801-807.
Kanjana, D. 2020. Foliar application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on nutrient element concentrations, growth, physiological, and yield parameters of cotton. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 43(20): 3035-3049.
Kwizera, C., B.T.I. Ong'or, S. Kaboneka, F. Nkeshimana, and N. Ahiboneye. 2019. Effects of potassium fertilizer on bean growth and yield parameters. Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering. 5 (1): 1-7.
Li, Y., X. Liu, and W. Zhuang, 2001. Effect of magnesium deficiency on nitrogen metabolism of longan (Dimocarpus longana Lour) seedlings. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science. 7: 218-222.
Majidi, A., and K. Kharazmi. 2015. Potassium and magnesium interaction in alfalfa (Medicago sativa ). Applied Field Crops Research.108 (1): 1-7. (In Persian)
Maleki, A., S. Fazel, R. Naseri, K. Rezaei, and M. Heydari. 2014. The effect of potassium and zinc sulfate application on grain yield of maize under drought stress conditions. Advances in Environmental Biology. 8(4): 890-894. (In Persian)
Malvi, U.R. 2011. Interaction of micronutrients with major nutrients with special reference to potassium. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 24(1):106-109.
Marschner, H. 2012. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Vol. 89: Academic press.
Masjedi, A., A. Shokohfar, and M. Alavi Fazel. 2009. A survey of most suitable irrigation scheduling and effect of drought stress on yield for summer corn (SC.704) with class A evaporation pan in Ahvaz. Journal of Hydrology and Soil Science. 12 (46): 543-550. (In Persian)
Merhaut, D.J. 2007. Magnesium. In: Barker A.V. and D.J. Pilbeam, (Eds) Handbook of Plant Nutrition (1st Edn). CRC Taylor and Francis, NY. pp. 145-181.
Moeini, A.R., A. Neshat, N. Yazdanpanah, and A. Pasandi Pour. 2022. Effect of super absorbent polymer and soil texture affecting the physiological response of maize (Zea mays) under water deficit stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 16(1): 43-60. (In Persian)
Najafi, N.A., and M. Mostafaeei. 2015. Improvement of corn plant nutrition by farmyard manure application and intercropping with bean and bitter vetch in a Calcareous soil. Electronic Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 5(1): 1-22. (In Persian)
Peel, M.C., B.L. Finlayson, and T. A. McMahon. 2007. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 4(2): 439-473.
Rafiee, M. 2014. Evaluation of grain yield and yield components of maize hybrids in double cropping with winter crops in temperate condition of Khorramabad. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 16 (1): 39-50.(In Persian)
Sadeghian Dehkordi, S.A., A. Tadayyon, M.R. Tadayyon, and A. Saffar. 2015. Effect of drought stress and bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on some morphplogical and physiological characteristis of linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Arid Biome Scientific and Research Journal. 5(2): 83-91. (In Persian)
Salehi, R., A. Maleki, and H. Dehghanzadeh. 2012. Effect of potassium and zinc sulphat application on yield and yield componemts of maiz (Sc 704) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production inEnvironmentalStress. 4(3): 59-70. (In Persian)
Salgado-Aguilar, M., T. Molnar, J. Pons-Hernández, J. Covarrubias-Prieto, J. Ramirez-Pimentel, J.C. Raya-Perez1, S. Hearne, and G. Iturriaga. 2020. Physiological and biochemical analyses of novel drought-tolerant maize lines reveal osmoprotectant accumulation at silking stage. Chilean Journal of Agriculture Reasearch. 80(2): 241-253.
Shao, H., Z. Liang, and M. Shao. 2006. Osmotic regulation of 10 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotyps at soil water deficits. Colloids and Surface: Biology Interface. 47:132-139.
Tahaei, S.A.R., M. Nasri, A. Soleimani, F. Ghooshchi, and M. Oveysi. 2022. Effects of growth regulators and proline amino acid on yield and yield components of single cross 704 maize under drought stress conditions in Isfahan province. Environmental stresses in Crop Sciences. 15(3): 15-32. (In Persian)
Wallace, J.S. 2000. Increasing agricultural water use efficiency to meet future food production water content in tow maize cultivar. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science. 10 (22): 4022-4028.
Wang, M., Q. Zheng, Q. Shen, and S. Guo. 2013. The critical role of potassium in plant stress response. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 14(4): 7370-7390.
Wei, J., C. Li, Y. Li, G. Jiang, G. Cheng, and Y. Zheng. 2013. Effects of external potassium (K) supply on drought tolerances of two contrasting winter wheat cultivars. Plos One. 8: e69737.
Weimberg, R. 1987. Solute adjustments in leaves of two species of wheat at two different stages of growth in response to salinity. Physiologia Plantarum. 70 (3): 381-388.
