اثر کود نیتروژنه بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و آنتی‌اکسیدانت گل همیشه بهار در رژیم‌های آبیاری

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

افسانه پیرمانی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری زراعت،واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران.)
تورج میر محمودی ² (استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران.)
سوران شرفی ³ (استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران)
سامان یزدان ستا ⁴ (استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/06/30 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/02/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/06/01

کلید واژه: شاخص سطح برگ, کلروفیل, کم‌آبی, آنتی اکسیدانت,

چکیده مقاله :

بررسی اثرات سطوح کود نیتروژنه بر برخی ویژگی های مورفوفیزیولوژیک و آنتی اکسیدانت گل همیشه بهار در دورهای مختلف آبیاری طی آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپیلت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در دوسال زراعی 96-1395 در ایستگاه کشاورزی ساعتلوی ارومیه انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل دور آبیاری در چهار سطح (آبیاری بعد از 5، 10، 15 و 20 روز) و مصرف کود نیتروژنه در چهار سطح (صفر: شاهد، 80، 160 و 240 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که اثر دور آبیاری بر کلیه صفات موردبررسی معنی‌دار بود. بین سطوح کود نیتروژنه از لحاظ اثر بر کلیه صفات به‌غیر از محتوی پرولین اختلاف معنی‌دار دیده شد. اثر متقابل دو تیمار نیز بر شاخص سطح برگ، ضریب هدایت روزنه ای، محتوی کلروفیل b، درصد و عملکرد اسانس معنی دار بود. در این تحقیق، با افزایش تعداد روزهای دور آبیاری از 5 به 20 روز محتوی آب نسبی برگ، کلروفیلa، کارتنوئید و عملکرد خشک گل به ترتیب 64/36، 27/35، 31/24 و 77/45 درصد کاهش و محتوی پرولین، فعالیت کاتالاز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و مالون دی آلدهید به ترتیب 72/24، 04/33، 51/35 و 86/20 درصد افزایش نشان دادند. در بین سطوح کود نیتروژنه نیز استفاده از160 کیلوگرم در هکتار در مقایسه با شاهد، محتوی آب نسبی برگ، کلروفیلa، کارتنوئید و عملکرد خشک گل را به ترتیب 18/16، 24/4 و 68/23 درصد افزایش و فعالیت کاتالاز، سوپراکسید دسموتاز و مالون دی آلدهید را به ترتیب 10/18، 23/21، 69/29 و 26/28درصد کاهش داد. بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ، ضریب هدایت روزنه ای، کلروفیل b به کاربرد 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژنه و دور آبیاری بعد از 5 روز و بالاترین درصد اسانس گل و عملکرد اسانس نیز به کاربرد 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژنه و دور آبیاری بعد از 10 روز اختصاص یافت. جهت دستیابی به حداکثر خصوصیات کیفی مناسب در گل همیشه بهار دور آبیاری 10 روزه و کاربرد 160 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژنه در شرایط اقلیمی مشابه این آزمایش می تواند مد نظر قرار گیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To study the effects of nitrogen levels on morphophysiological and antioxidants properties of calendula under deferent irrigation regimes a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Urmia Agricultural Station of Saat Lo for two cropping seasons 2016-17. Treatments were four levels of irrigation (irrigation after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) assigned to main plots, and application of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg.ha-1 nitrogen to subplots. Results showed that the effects of irrigation intervals on all studied traits waer significant. There were significant differences among nitrogen levels on all traits except proline content. Interaction of two treatments was significant on leaf area index, stomatal conduction coefficient, chlorophyll b, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield. Resulats also indicated that, with increasing irrigation intervals from 5 to 20 days, relative water content, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and dry flower yield were reduced by 36.64, 35.27, 24.31 and 45.77 percent respectively. Proline content, catalase superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities were increased by 24.72, 33.04, 35.51 and 20.86 percent, respectively. Among the nitrogen fertilizer levels, 160 kg ha-1 increased, relative water content, chlorophyll a, carotenoid and dry flower yield by 16.18, 4.24, 23.68  and 28.26 percent, respectively, while it reduced the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde by 18.10, 21.23 and 29.69 percent respectively as compared to control. The highest leaf area index, stomatal conduction coefficient, chlorophyll b were increased by the use of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation intervals of 5 days. The highest percentage of essential oil of the flower and essential oil yield were also belonged to the application of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and irrigation interval of 10 days. To obtain better quality and higher essential oil yield from calendula, irrigation interval of 10 days and application of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended.

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