اثر مقادیر بیوچار و اسیدهیومیک بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ذرت (Zea mays L) هیبرید سینگل‌کراس 704 تحت تنش کمبود آب

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

ارمغان چرخاب ¹ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
مانی مجدم ² (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
شهرام لک ³ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
طیب ساکی نژاد ⁴ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
محمدرضا دادنیا ⁵ (گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/03/07 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/08/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/04/01

کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, هیومیک اسید, شاخص کلروفیل, آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز, آبیاری مطلوب,

چکیده مقاله :

اثر کاربرد مقادیر مختلف بیوچار و اسید هیومیک بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد دانه ذرت هیبرید سینگل کراس 704 تحت تنش کمبود آب طی آزمایشی به صورت کرت های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال های زراعی 97-1396 و 98-1397 در مزرعه ای واقع در شهرستان اهواز ارزیابی شد. کرت اصلی شامل تنش کمبود آب با سه سطح آبیاری، پس از تخلیه 30، 40 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، به ترتیب به عنوان آبیاری مطلوب، تنش ملایم و تنش شدید، کرت فرعی شامل بیوچار با 2 سطح (شاهد، عدم کاربرد بیوچار) و کاربرد 4 تن در هکتار بیوچار و کرت فرعی فرعی شامل اسید هیومیک با 4 سطح (شاهد، عدم کاربرد اسید هیومیک)، کاربرد 2، 4 و 6 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات برهمکنش تنش کمبود آب و بیوچار، همچنین تنش کمبود آب و اسید هیومیک بر عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در بلال، شاخص کلروفیل فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی دار بودند. در شرایط تنش شدید، عملکرد دانه (36 درصد) تعداد دانه در بلال (22 درصد) و شاخص سطح برگ (36/30 درصد) کاهش و میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (37 درصد) افزایش یافت. اسید هیومیک بر تمام صفات آزمایش اثر معنی داری داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (18/8995 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به تیمار آبیاری پس از تخلیه 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و کاربرد 4 تن در هکتار بیوچار بود. در مجموع استفاده از 4 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک در شرایط تنش رطوبتی متوسط به دلیل نقش مثبتی که بر رشد و افزایش 42 درصدی عملکرد نسبت به تیمار تنش شدید و عدم مصرف اسید هیومیک داشت می تواند در شرایط خشک و نیمه خشک برای صرفه جویی در مصرف آب و کاهش اثرات تنش کمبود آب قابل توصیه باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

To evaluate the effect of different rates of biochar and humic acid applications on physiological characteristics and grain yield of single cross 704 hybrid corn under water deficit stress, a split split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, was conducted during two years (2017-19) at Ahvaz. The main plot devoted to water deficit stress, with three levels irrigation (after depleting 30, 40, and 50% of field capacity as optimum irrigation, moderate stress, and severe stress, respectively) and sub-plot to biochar with 2 levels, non-application of biochar (control) and application of 4 tons per hectare of biochar, and the sub-sub plots to humic acid with 4 levels non-application of humic acid (control), and application of 2, 4, and 6 liters per hectare of humic acid. The results showed that the interaction effect of water shortage by biochar stress and water shortage by humic acid stress on grain yield, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per ear, superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll index and catalase were significant at 1% probability level. Under severe stress conditions grain yield (36.54%), number of grain per ear (36%) and leaf area index (30.36%) decreased and activity of superoxide dismutase (37.7%) increased. Acidic acid had a significant effect on all traits under study. The highest grain yield (8995.18 kg.ha-1) was related to irrigation treatment after 40% depletion of field capacity and application of 4 tons per hectare of biochar. Based the results obtained application of 4 liters per hectare of humic acid under moderate moisture stress conditions, could be recommended in arid and semi-arid conditions to save water consumption and reduce the effects of water deficit stress.

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