بررسی رشد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) تحت تنش شوری
محورهای موضوعی :
اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
لمیا وجودی مهربانی
1
,
محمدباقر حسن‎‎پور اقدم
2
,
رعنا ولیزاده کامران
3
1 - استادیار گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه باغبانی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/12/15
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/04
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01
کلید واژه:
شوری,
وزن خشک,
اسانس,
مرزه,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف شوری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک (محتوای کلروفیل، پرولین، قندهای محلول، نشت یونی، عناصر سدیم و پتاسیم) و صفات رشدی مرزه آزمایشی به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار سطح شوری (شاهد، 50، 100 و 150 میلی مولار نمک کلرید سدیم) و دو کلون بومی مرزه ( تبریز و همدان) در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثرات متقابل معنی دار کلون و شوری بر محتوای کلروفیلa بود. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a در هر دو کلون در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. وزن خشک ریشه، محتوای یون پتاسیم و سدیم، نسبت یون پتاسیم به سدیم، محتوای قند محلول و نشت یونی نمونه ها تحت تاثیر سطوح شوری قرار گرفتند. بیشترین میزان وزن خشک ساقه و برگ، محتوای اسانس، پرولین و کلروفیلb تحت تاثیر هر دوی رقم و سطوح شوری قرار گرفتند. بیشترین میزان وزن خشک برگ، کلروفیلa + b در کلون همدان و بالاترین میزان وزن خشک ساقه، محتوای اسانس و پرولین در کلون تبریز مشاهده شد. بالاترین میزان وزن خشک ریشه، ساقه، برگ، محتوای یون پتاسیم و نسبت K+/Na+ در تیمار شاهد ثبت گردید. بیشترین تجمع یون سدیم در سطح شوری 150 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم مشاهده شد. با افزایش سطح شوری بر میزان پرولین نمونه‌ها افزوده شد. بالاترین میزان نشت یونی، قند محلول و پرولین نمونه‌ها در تیمارهای 100 و 150 میلی مولار کلرید سدیم مشاهده شد. با توجه به تغییرات صفات مورد مطالعه به نظر می رسدکه سطوح شوری در هر دو کلون مورد مطالعه شاخص های رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه را متاثر نمود. لذا، چنین به نظر می رسد برای حصول به عملکرد و شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی پسندیده در این گیاه باید از کاشت این گیاه در محیط های شور اجتناب نموده و یا از کلون های متحمل به شوری استفاده کرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The present experement was conducted as a factorial experiment based on RCBD with four NaCl levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) levels and two savory native clones (Tabriz and Hamadan) with three replications, to investigate the effects of Nacl salinity on some physiological (essential oils, chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugars, ion leakage, Na+ and K+ content) and growth characteristics of savory. The results revealed that there was significant interaction effects between salinity and clone on chlorophyll a content of the plant. The highest chlorophyll a content in both clones was recorded in the control plants. Root dry weight, Na+ and K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio, soluble sugars and ion lekage were affected by NaCl salinity. The highest amounts of stem and leaf dry weights, essential oils contents, proline and chlorophyll b content, were influenced by both clone and salinity levels. The highest stem dry weight, essential oil and proline contents belonged to Tabriz clone. The highest leaf dry weight and chlorophyll a+b contents were produced by Hamadan clone. The highest amont for some other traits, like root, stem and leaf dry weights, as well as for K+and K+/Na+ ratios, were observed in the control treatment. The highest Na+ accumulation were recorded in 150 mM NaCl treatment. It was also observed that with increasing salinity levels, proline content was concomitantly increased. The hieghest ion leakage, soluble sugars and proline amounts were belonged to 100 and 150 mM salinity levels. Considering the variation patterns for the traits studied, it seems that the salinity levels in both clones routinely affected the growth and physiological characteristics of the plants. It can be concluded that to achieve economical yields of savory and proper physiologyical traits we have to select salt tolerant clones to suit saline environments.
منابع و مأخذ:
Ahmed, R., A.M. Gabr, A. AL-Sayed, and I. Smetanska. 2012. Effect of drought and salinity stress on total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in vitro sprout cultures of garden cress (Lepidium sativum). Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 8(8): 3934-3942.
Akbari, S., S. Kordi, S. Fatahi, and F. Ghanbari. 2013. Physiological responses of Summer Savory under salinity stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science. 5: 1702- 1708.
Amira, M.S., and Q. Abdul. 2011. Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba (L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 10: 7-15.
Cicek, Z., and H. Cakilar. 2002. The effect of salinity on some physiological parameters in two maize cultivars. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology. 28: 66-74.
Conceicao Gomes, M., M. Satika Suzuki, and F. Tullii. 2011. Effect of salt stress on nutrient concentration, photosynthetic pigments, proline and foliar morphology of Salvinia auriculata. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. 23(2): 164-176.
Fedina, I., K. Georgieva, M. Velitchkova, and I. Grigorova. 2006. Effect of pretreatment of barley seedlings with different salts on the level of UV-B induced and UV-B absorbing compounds. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 56: 225-230.
Jouyban, Z. 2012. The Effects of salt stress on plant growth. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2(1): 7-10.
Kafi, M., A. Borzouei, M. Salehi, A. Kamandi, A. Masoumi, and J. Nabati. 2012. Environmental stresses physiology in plants. Mashhad Jihad Daneshgahi Publications. (In Persian).
Kamkar, M. and A. Rahimi 2012. Salinity effect on water relation osmoregulators and yield of three plantago species. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 5(2): 145-158. (In Persian).
Kaya, M.D., G. Okcu, M, Atak, Y. Cıkılı, and O. Kolsarıcı. 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy. 24: 291-295.
Mosahebeh, M., M, Khorshidi, and H, Faridnouri. 2016. Investigation of physiological responses of wheat under salt stress. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 5: 199-204.
Mudgal, V., N. Madaan, A, Mudgal, and S. Mishra. 2009. Changes in growth and metabolic profile of chickpea under salt stress. Journal of Applied Biosciences. 23: 1436- 1446.
Najafi, F., R.A. Khanvari-Nejad, and M. Siah Ali. 2010. The effect of salt stress on certain physiological parameters in summer savory (Satureja hortensis) plant. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry. 6: 13-21.
Parvaiz, A., and S. Satyawati. 2008. Salt stress and phyto-biochemical responses of plants. a review. Plant, Soil and Environment. 54: 88–99.
Prochazkova, D., R.K. Sairam, G.C. Srivastava, and D.V. Singh. 2001. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity as the basis of senescence in maize leaves. Plant Science. 161: 765-771.
Rayan, J.R., G. Estefan, and Rashid, A. 2001. Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual. (2 edition). ICARDA. Syria.
Razavizadeh, R., and F. Rostami. 2013. Changes in growth and antioxidant capacity of canola by salinity and salicylic acid under in vitro. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. 5(2): 192-200.
Sairam, R.K., K.V. Rao, and G.C. Srivastava. 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concenteration. Plant Science. 163: 1037-1046.
Sevengor, S., S. Kusvuran, and S. Elliaitioglu. 2011. The effect of salt stress on growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and ntioxidative enzymes of pumpkin seedling. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6: 4920-4924.
Sirousmeher, A., J. Berdel, and M. Mohamadi. 2015. Changes of germination properties, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyes activity of safflower as affected by drought and salinity stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 8(4): 517-533. (In Persian).
Szabados, L., and A. Savoure. 2010. Proline: a multifunctional amino acid. Trends Plant Science. 15(2): 89-97.
Zeng, L., M. Shannon, and S. Lesch. 2001. Timing of salinity stress affects rice growth and yield components. Agricultural Water Management. 48: 191-206.
_||_
Ahmed, R., A.M. Gabr, A. AL-Sayed, and I. Smetanska. 2012. Effect of drought and salinity stress on total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in vitro sprout cultures of garden cress (Lepidium sativum). Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 8(8): 3934-3942.
Akbari, S., S. Kordi, S. Fatahi, and F. Ghanbari. 2013. Physiological responses of Summer Savory under salinity stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science. 5: 1702- 1708.
Amira, M.S., and Q. Abdul. 2011. Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba (L.). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 10: 7-15.
Cicek, Z., and H. Cakilar. 2002. The effect of salinity on some physiological parameters in two maize cultivars. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology. 28: 66-74.
Conceicao Gomes, M., M. Satika Suzuki, and F. Tullii. 2011. Effect of salt stress on nutrient concentration, photosynthetic pigments, proline and foliar morphology of Salvinia auriculata. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. 23(2): 164-176.
Fedina, I., K. Georgieva, M. Velitchkova, and I. Grigorova. 2006. Effect of pretreatment of barley seedlings with different salts on the level of UV-B induced and UV-B absorbing compounds. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 56: 225-230.
Jouyban, Z. 2012. The Effects of salt stress on plant growth. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2(1): 7-10.
Kafi, M., A. Borzouei, M. Salehi, A. Kamandi, A. Masoumi, and J. Nabati. 2012. Environmental stresses physiology in plants. Mashhad Jihad Daneshgahi Publications. (In Persian).
Kamkar, M. and A. Rahimi 2012. Salinity effect on water relation osmoregulators and yield of three plantago species. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 5(2): 145-158. (In Persian).
Kaya, M.D., G. Okcu, M, Atak, Y. Cıkılı, and O. Kolsarıcı. 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy. 24: 291-295.
Mosahebeh, M., M, Khorshidi, and H, Faridnouri. 2016. Investigation of physiological responses of wheat under salt stress. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences. 5: 199-204.
Mudgal, V., N. Madaan, A, Mudgal, and S. Mishra. 2009. Changes in growth and metabolic profile of chickpea under salt stress. Journal of Applied Biosciences. 23: 1436- 1446.
Najafi, F., R.A. Khanvari-Nejad, and M. Siah Ali. 2010. The effect of salt stress on certain physiological parameters in summer savory (Satureja hortensis) plant. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry. 6: 13-21.
Parvaiz, A., and S. Satyawati. 2008. Salt stress and phyto-biochemical responses of plants. a review. Plant, Soil and Environment. 54: 88–99.
Prochazkova, D., R.K. Sairam, G.C. Srivastava, and D.V. Singh. 2001. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity as the basis of senescence in maize leaves. Plant Science. 161: 765-771.
Rayan, J.R., G. Estefan, and Rashid, A. 2001. Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual. (2 edition). ICARDA. Syria.
Razavizadeh, R., and F. Rostami. 2013. Changes in growth and antioxidant capacity of canola by salinity and salicylic acid under in vitro. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences. 5(2): 192-200.
Sairam, R.K., K.V. Rao, and G.C. Srivastava. 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concenteration. Plant Science. 163: 1037-1046.
Sevengor, S., S. Kusvuran, and S. Elliaitioglu. 2011. The effect of salt stress on growth, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and ntioxidative enzymes of pumpkin seedling. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6: 4920-4924.
Sirousmeher, A., J. Berdel, and M. Mohamadi. 2015. Changes of germination properties, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyes activity of safflower as affected by drought and salinity stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 8(4): 517-533. (In Persian).
Szabados, L., and A. Savoure. 2010. Proline: a multifunctional amino acid. Trends Plant Science. 15(2): 89-97.
Zeng, L., M. Shannon, and S. Lesch. 2001. Timing of salinity stress affects rice growth and yield components. Agricultural Water Management. 48: 191-206.
