اثر محدودیت های دمایی و تراکم کشت بر خصوصیات کیفی روغن و اسیدهای چرب و ارتباط رگرسیونی با عملکرد دانه سویا
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیعلیرضا الازمنی 1 , معصومه نعیمی 2 , ابوالفضل فرجی 3 , علی راحمی کاریزکی 4 , لیلا آهنگر 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
2 - استادیار دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
3 - استاد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، گرگان، ایران
4 - استادیار دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
5 - استادیار دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران
کلید واژه: بیوماس, تعداد غلاف, اسید پالمیتیک, وزن 1000 دانه,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر درجه روز رشد دریافتی و تراکم بوته بر برخی از خصوصیات زراعی، مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و کیفی لاین زودرس Soy-93-31 سویا، آزمایشی به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1397 و 1398 در منطقه گرگان اجرا شد. عامل اول درجه روز رشد تـا زمـان برداشـت شامل پنج درجه روز رشد ( 2328، 2182، 1893، 1712 و 1499) ناشی از تاریخ کاشت های (۲۰ خرداد، 3، 17 و 31 تیر و 14 مرداد) و عامـل دوم فاصـله ردیف های کاشت 24، 36 و 48 سانتی متر (به ترتیب تراکم های 42، 28 و21 بوته در مترمربـع) بودنـد. در این آزمایش صفات عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، هزاردانه، عملکرد روغن، درصد روغن و اسیدهای چرب سویا اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد تاریخ کاشت و تراکم اثر معنی داری بر درصد روغن و اسیدهای چرب سویا داشتند، درصد روغن دانه با افزایش زمان کاشت (کشت تأخیری) سویا کاهش پیدا کرد به طوری که بیشترین درصد روغن سویا از درجه روز رشد 2328 و کمترین درصد روغن از 1499 درجه روز رشد به دست آمد. همچنین، بر اساس نتایج، تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته اثر معنی داری بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد دانه داشتند. وزن هزار دانه سویا با تأخیر کاشت کاهش پیدا کرد. با تأخیر تاریخ کاشت در تمام تراکم ها عملکرد دانه سویا کاهش پیدا کرد، به طوری که بیشترین عملکرد دانه در 2328 درجه روز رشد و تراکم 42 بوته در متر مربع (3760کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین عملکرد دانه سویا در 1499 درجه روز رشد و تراکم 21 بوته در متر مربع (470 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به دست آمد. به طورکلی، تأخیر در کاشت و کاهش تراکم، باعث افت شدید عملکر دانه سویا می شود. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش 2328 درجه روز رشد و تراکم 42 بوته در متر مربع در بین تیمارهای مورد بررسی، مطلوب ترین شرایط را برای رسیدن به حداکثر عملکرد دانه و روغن فراهم کرده اند.
In order to investigate the effect of the growing day and plant density on some agronomic, morphophysiological and qualitative characteristics of the early-maturing line Soy-93-31 soybean, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. Two crop years 2017 and 2018 were implemented in Gorgan region. The first factor of growth days until harvest time includes five growth days (GDD) 2328, 2182, 1893, 1712 and 1499 resulting from the date of sowing (10, 24 June, 8, 12 July, 5 August) and the second factor is the distance between rows 24, 36 and 48 cm (42, 28 and 21 plants per square meter).in this experiment, grain yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 grain, oil yield, oil percentage and soybean fatty acids were measured. The results of this experiment showed that planting date and density had a significant effect on the percentage of soybean oil and fatty acids. The percentage of seed oil decreased with increasing planting time (delayed soybean) so that the highest percentage of soybean oil on 10 June and the lowest percentage of oil was obtained on 5 August. Also, based on the results of planting date and plant density had a significant effect on grain yield and grain yield components, the weight of 1000 soybeans decreased with delay in planting. With delay of sowing date in all densities, soybean grain yield decreased, so that the highest grain yield was observed on June 10 and the density of 42 plants per square meter (3760 kg.ha-1) and the lowest grain yield was observed. Soybean was obtained on August 5 and the density of 21 plants per square meter was (470 kg.ha-1). According to the results of this experiment, the planting date of 10 June and the density of 42 plants per square meter were the most desirable planting date and density to achieve maximum grain and oil yield.
2020. Statistics of Iran's agricultural production. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Bellaloui, N., A. Mengistu, and A. Kassem. 2013. Effects of genetics and environment on fatty acid stability in soybean seed. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 4(9):165-175.
Divsalar, M., Z. Thamasbisarvestani, A.M. Modaressanavi, and A. Hamidi. 2016. Study the effect of drought stress on oil, protein percent and fatty acids composition of soybean grain. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 8(27): 44-55. (In Persian).
Faraji, A. 2014. Evaluation of grain yield and drought tolerance indices in pure soybean cultivars and lines in Gorgan region. Seed and Plant Breeding. 1(2): 35-45-30. (In Persian).
Ghanbari-Birgani, D., A. Zand, and M. Barzegari. 2010. Effect of planting pattern and herbicide application on weed population, grain yield, and water consumption efficiency of single cross corn 704. Iranian Journal of Agronomic Sciences. 12: 1-17. (In Persian).
Kalantar-Ahmadi, S., A. Eslamizadeh, and G.R. Ghodrati. 2018. Effect of sowing date on growth and seed yield of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) genotypes under North Khuzestan weather conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 20(1): 45-60. (In Persian).
Khalid, N., R.S. Khan, M.I. Hussain, M. Farooq, M. Ahmad, and I. Ahmed. 2017. A comprehensive characterisation of safflower oil for its potential applications as a bioactive food ingredient. Trends Food Science and Technology. 66: 176–186.
Nakhzari, A., A. Rahemi, A. Samsami, and D. Moghadam. 2019. Effect of drought stress on physiological traits and performance of soybeans under the effect of inoculation and non-inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria. Environmental Stress in Agricultural Sciences. 13(2): 413-423. (In Persian).
Naoki, M., Y. Tetsuya, T. Yoshitake, T. Koichiro, and N. 2018. Effect of plant density on growth and yield of new soybean genotypes grown under early planting condition in Southwestern Japan. Plant Prodution Science. 21(1): 16-25.
Olena, S., Z. Sabine, C. Wilhelm, and Sabine. 2020. Seed yield, seed protein, oil content, and agronomic characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) depending on different seeding systems and cultivars in Germany. Agronomy Journal. 10(7): 22-35. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10071020.
Pepo, P., and A. Novák. 2016. Correlation between photosynthetic traits and yield in sunflower. Plant Soil Environment. 62: 335–340.
Rameeh, V., and M. Aghabozorgi. 2016. Effect of different seed rates and sowing dates on yield components, yield and qualitative traits of soybean (Glycine max) variety Sari. Journal of Oil Plants Production. 3(1): 15-24. (In Persian).
Rassam, Gh.A., and A. Soltani. 2014. A simple model to simulate growth and yield of soybean. Journal of Plant Production Research. 21(2): 87-105. (In Persian).
Robertson, M.J., J.F. Holland, and R. Bambach. 2004. Response of canola and Indian mustard to sowing date in the grain belt of North-Eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 44: 43-52.
Roche, J., Z. Mouloungui, M. Cerny, and O. Merah. 2019. Effect of sowing dates on fatty acids and phytosterols patterns of Carthamus tinctorius Applied Sciences. 9(14): 28-39. doi:10.3390/app9142839.
Sarparast, R., and S. Rouhani. 2014. Study of row spacing and the effect of two irrigations on yield and yield components of two pea genotypes. Fifth National Conference on Iranian. Tehran University Agriculture Campus. P; 324-331.(In Persian).
Shafarudi, A., M. Zavareh, G. Pyvast, and H. Dori. 2012. Effect of planting date and plant density on yield and grain yield components of native bean stands (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production. 22(3):47-61. (In Persian).
Sharifi, R.S., and A. Namvar. 2017. Grain filling and fatty acid composition of safflower fertilized with integrated nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers. Agricultural Quarterly. Bras. 52: 236–243. (In Persian).
Singh, A.P., B.S. Dhillon, and A.S. Sidhu. 2019. Productivity of summer moong (Vigna radiata) as influenced by different sowing dates and varieties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 8 (3): 781-784
Soleymani, F., and R. Naseri. 2020. Responses of seed yield and morphophysiological traits of mungbean (Vigna radiate) cv. Gohar to GDD and plant density in Ilam region. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 14(3): 433-446. (In Persian).
Soltani, A., and V. Madah. 2010. Simple applications for education and research in agriculture. Niak Publications. 78 Pages. (In Persian).
Sorkhi, F. 2017. Effect of planting pattern and plant density on growth, dry matter remobilization and grain yield of maize (Zea mays). Crop Physiology Journal. 9 (34): 61-78. (In Persian).
Zeinali, E., A. Soltani, M. Khadempir, M. Tourani, and F. Sheikh. 2014. Studying the response of yield components, grain and green pod yield of two faba bean cultivars to inter- row spacing in normal and late seeding dates. Journal of Crops Improvement. 15(4): 195-210. (In Persian).
_||_2020. Statistics of Iran's agricultural production. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Bagheri, M., and H. Nemati. 2016. Effect of planting date and plant density on vegetative characteristics and yield of soybeans in Gorgan region. Journal of Iranian Oilseed Plants. 5(1): 54-63. (In Persian).
Bellaloui, N., A. Mengistu, and A. Kassem. 2013. Effects of genetics and environment on fatty acid stability in soybean seed. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 4(9):165-175.
Divsalar, M., Z. Thamasbisarvestani, A.M. Modaressanavi, and A. Hamidi. 2016. Study the effect of drought stress on oil, protein percent and fatty acids composition of soybean grain. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 8(27): 44-55. (In Persian).
Faraji, A. 2014. Evaluation of grain yield and drought tolerance indices in pure soybean cultivars and lines in Gorgan region. Seed and Plant Breeding. 1(2): 35-45-30. (In Persian).
Ghanbari-Birgani, D., A. Zand, and M. Barzegari. 2010. Effect of planting pattern and herbicide application on weed population, grain yield, and water consumption efficiency of single cross corn 704. Iranian Journal of Agronomic Sciences. 12: 1-17. (In Persian).
Kalantar-Ahmadi, S., A. Eslamizadeh, and G.R. Ghodrati. 2018. Effect of sowing date on growth and seed yield of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) genotypes under North Khuzestan weather conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 20(1): 45-60. (In Persian).
Khalid, N., R.S. Khan, M.I. Hussain, M. Farooq, M. Ahmad, and I. Ahmed. 2017. A comprehensive characterisation of safflower oil for its potential applications as a bioactive food ingredient. Trends Food Science and Technology. 66: 176–186.
Nakhzari, A., A. Rahemi, A. Samsami, and D. Moghadam. 2019. Effect of drought stress on physiological traits and performance of soybeans under the effect of inoculation and non-inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria. Environmental Stress in Agricultural Sciences. 13(2): 413-423. (In Persian).
Naoki, M., Y. Tetsuya, T. Yoshitake, T. Koichiro, and N. 2018. Effect of plant density on growth and yield of new soybean genotypes grown under early planting condition in Southwestern Japan. Plant Prodution Science. 21(1): 16-25.
Olena, S., Z. Sabine, C. Wilhelm, and Sabine. 2020. Seed yield, seed protein, oil content, and agronomic characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) depending on different seeding systems and cultivars in Germany. Agronomy Journal. 10(7): 22-35. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10071020.
Pepo, P., and A. Novák. 2016. Correlation between photosynthetic traits and yield in sunflower. Plant Soil Environment. 62: 335–340.
Rameeh, V., and M. Aghabozorgi. 2016. Effect of different seed rates and sowing dates on yield components, yield and qualitative traits of soybean (Glycine max) variety Sari. Journal of Oil Plants Production. 3(1): 15-24. (In Persian).
Rassam, Gh.A., and A. Soltani. 2014. A simple model to simulate growth and yield of soybean. Journal of Plant Production Research. 21(2): 87-105. (In Persian).
Robertson, M.J., J.F. Holland, and R. Bambach. 2004. Response of canola and Indian mustard to sowing date in the grain belt of North-Eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 44: 43-52.
Roche, J., Z. Mouloungui, M. Cerny, and O. Merah. 2019. Effect of sowing dates on fatty acids and phytosterols patterns of Carthamus tinctorius Applied Sciences. 9(14): 28-39. doi:10.3390/app9142839.
Sarparast, R., and S. Rouhani. 2014. Study of row spacing and the effect of two irrigations on yield and yield components of two pea genotypes. Fifth National Conference on Iranian. Tehran University Agriculture Campus. P; 324-331.(In Persian).
Shafarudi, A., M. Zavareh, G. Pyvast, and H. Dori. 2012. Effect of planting date and plant density on yield and grain yield components of native bean stands (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production. 22(3):47-61. (In Persian).
Sharifi, R.S., and A. Namvar. 2017. Grain filling and fatty acid composition of safflower fertilized with integrated nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers. Agricultural Quarterly. Bras. 52: 236–243. (In Persian).
Singh, A.P., B.S. Dhillon, and A.S. Sidhu. 2019. Productivity of summer moong (Vigna radiata) as influenced by different sowing dates and varieties. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 8 (3): 781-784
Soleymani, F., and R. Naseri. 2020. Responses of seed yield and morphophysiological traits of mungbean (Vigna radiate) cv. Gohar to GDD and plant density in Ilam region. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 14(3): 433-446. (In Persian).
Soltani, A., and V. Madah. 2010. Simple applications for education and research in agriculture. Niak Publications. 78 Pages. (In Persian).
Sorkhi, F. 2017. Effect of planting pattern and plant density on growth, dry matter remobilization and grain yield of maize (Zea mays). Crop Physiology Journal. 9 (34): 61-78. (In Persian).
Zeinali, E., A. Soltani, M. Khadempir, M. Tourani, and F. Sheikh. 2014. Studying the response of yield components, grain and green pod yield of two faba bean cultivars to inter- row spacing in normal and late seeding dates. Journal of Crops Improvement. 15(4): 195-210. (In Persian).