کاربرد هورمون بتااسترادیول با هدف افزایش تحمل تنش به شوری در ژنوتیپ های سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

فهیمه جی دار ¹ , رسول اصغری زکریا ² , ناصر زارع ³ , داوود حسن پناه ⁴ , لیلا غفارزاده نمازی ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - استاد گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - استاد گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
4 - عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران
5 - استادیار، گروه علوم گیاهی و گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، دانشکده کشاورزی مشکین شهر، مشکین‌شهر، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/01/08 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/02/01

کلید واژه: نشاسته, آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان, هورمون‌های استروئیدی, غده‌چه,

چکیده مقاله :

این آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد هورمون بتااسترادیول بر افزایش تحمل به تنش شوری ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف سیب‌زمینی، به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1398 انجام شد. تیمارهای تنش شوری شامل سه سطح (صفر، 50 و 100 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم) و هورمون بتااسترادیول در سه سطح (صفر، 12-10 و 6-10 مولار) به صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های اصلی، و 10 ژنوتیپ سیب‌زمینی در کرت های فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد ارتفاع بوته، تعداد و وزن غده چه در بوته، وزن متوسط غده‌چه، محتوی آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان در ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی تحت تاثیر کاربرد هورمون بتااسترادیول قرار گرفتند. به طوری که با افزایش میزان مصرف بتااسترادیول از 12-10 به 6-10 مولار، تعداد و وزن غده‌چه در بیشتر‌ ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه افزایش یافت ولی مقدار این افزایش در بین ژنوتیپ‌ها متفاوت بود. ژنوتیپ های G5 و G6 به ترتیب با میانگین 7.85 و 7.83غده چه، بالاترین تعداد غده‌چه در بوته را در سطح 6-10 مولار بتااسترادیول به خود اختصاص دادند. کمترین مقدار صفت مذکور نیز با میانگین 3.66 غده چه بدون اختلاف معنی‌دار با ژنوتیپ‌های G8 و G9 به ژنوتیپ G10 تعلق داشت. با افزایش سطح شوری میزان آنزیم‌های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز و پلی فنل اکسیداز و قندهای محلول افزایش یافت. در هر سه سطح شوری مصرف بتااسترادیول به طور معنی‌داری باعث افزایش میزان این آنزیم‌ها شد. بالاترین میزان این آنزیم‌ها در سطح شوری 100 میلی مولار و با مصرف 12-10 یا 6-10 مولار بتااسترادیول مشاهده شد. در این تحقیق کاربرد بتااسترادیول بسته به ژنوتیپ توانست اثر شوری را بر خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی سیب‌زمینی تعدیل نماید. در کل، در این مطالعه ژنوتیپ‌های G5 و G6 در شرایط تنش شوری به طور نسبی از تعداد و وزن غده‌چه در بوته بالایی برخوردار بودند، بنابراین گزینش این ژنوتیپ‌ها برای برنامه‌های به نژادی آتی توصیه می شود. همچنین، این دو ژنوتیپ در سطوح 12-10 و 6-10 مولار بتااسترادیول بیشترین تعداد و وزن غده چه در بوته را به خود اختصاص دادند که نشان می‌دهد این ژنوتیپ‌ها در مقایسه با دیگر ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی از پتانسیل ژنتیکی بالایی برای مصرف این هورمون برخوردارند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of beta estradiol hormone application on increasing salinity stress tolerance of different potato genotypes in a factorial split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2020. Salinity stresses with three levels (0, 50 and 100 mM sodium chloride) and beta-estradiol also with three levels (0, 10-12 and 6-10 M) were assigned to main plots, and 10 potato genotypes to subplots. The results revealed that plant height, number and weight of minituber per plant, average tuber weight and content of antioxidant enzymes in the studied genotypes showed a positive response to beta-estradiol. Thus, with increasing the amount of beta-estradiol application from 10-12 to 10-6 M, the number and weight of minitubers increased in most of the studied genotypes, but the amount of this increase was varied between genotypes. G5 and G6 genotypes with an average of 7.85 and 7.83 minitubers had the highest number of tubers per plant at 10-6 M beta-estradiol, respectively. The lowest value of this trait belonged to G10 genotype with an average of 3.66 minitubers, without significant differences with those of G8 and G9 genotypes. With increasing salinity level, the enzymes of superoxide dismutase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase and also soluble sugars were increased. In all of three salinity levels, beta-estradiol application significantly increased the levels of these enzymes. The highest levels of these enzymes were observed at salinity level of 100 mM with the use of 10-12 or 6-10 M beta estradiol. In this study, the use of beta-estradiol, depending on the genotype, was able to moderate the effect of salinity on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoe tubers. Overall, in this study, G5 and G6 genotypes had relatively high minituber number and weight per plant under salinity stress conditions, Thus, selection of these genotypes is recommended for future breeding programs. Also, these two genotypes had the highest number and weight of minitubers per plant at 10-12 and 10-6 M beta estradiol, which indicates that these genotypes have a high genetic potential for consumption of this hormone as compared to other genotypes.

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