اثر کود نیتروژن و سولفات روی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ذرت علوفه ای تحت تنش کم آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
عبداله غلامی
1
(دانشجوي دکتراي زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزي، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، ایلام، ايران)
عباس ملکی
2
(دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزي، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، ایلام، ايران)
محمد میرزائی حیدری
3
(دانشیارگروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران)
فرزاد بابایی
4
(استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزي، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، ایلام، ايران)
کلید واژه: کم آبیاری, خاکستر, پروتئین, عملکرد علوفه, عناصر ریزمغذی,
چکیده مقاله :
به¬منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای نیتروژن و سولفات روی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ذرت علوفه ای تحت تنش کم آبیاری، این آزمایش در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به‌صورت اسپلیت- فاکتوریل با 4 تکرار در استان ایلام طی دو سال زراعی 1398 و 1399 اجرا شد. سه سطح آبیاری شامل آبیاری کامل (شاهد یا 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، آبیاری بر اساس 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی مزرعه (25 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی خاک) و آبیاری بر اساس50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی مزرعه (50 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی خاک) در کرت های اصلی انجام شد. ترکیب فاکتوریل سه سطح نیتروژن از منبع اوره شامل صفر (شاهد) 150 و300 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی در 3 سطح صفر، 2 و 4 در هزار به عنوان عامل دوم در کرت های فرعی تصادفی گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که برهم‌کنش سال×تنش کم آبیاری×محلول پاشی سولفات روی و برهم‌کنش سال×تنش کم آبیاری×اوره بر عملکرد تر کل معنی دار بود. برهم‌کنش سال× تنش کم آبیاری، سال×کود نیتروژن، سال× محلول¬پاشی سولفات روی، تنش کم آبیاری× محلول پاشی سولفات روی و برهم‌کنش تنش کم آبیاری×کود کود نیتروژن بر غلظت ماده خشک قابل هضم علوفه معنی‌دار بود. عملکرد علوفه تر در تیمار آبیاری کامل و مصرف 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار به‌مقدار 77728 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. عملکرد علوفه تر در تیمار آبیاری کامل و مصرف 4 در هزار سولفات روی به‌مقدار 78163 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد. در سطوح آبیاری بر اساس وجود 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، مصرف 4 در هزار سولفات روی موجب افزایش این شاخص شد، به طوری که در تیمارهای ذکر شده عملکرد تر به ترتیب به مقدار 67460 و 49855 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد. تیمار آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، مصرف کود 300 کیلوگرم اوره و 2 در هزار سولفات روی موجب دست یابی پروتئین دانه به مقدار 8/6 درصد شد. با توجه به عدم اختلاف معنی دار بین تیمار 2 و 4 در هزار سولفات روی در سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن، مصرف 300 کیلوگرم کود اوره در هکتار و 2 در هزار سولفات روی دارای عملکرد مناسب و توجیه اقتصادی بوده و به عنوان ترکیب برتر برای مقابله با اثر مضر کم آبی انتخاب شد.
In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and zinc sulfate fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of forage maize under low irrigation stress, this experiment was conducted as a split-factorial randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Ilam province during the two crop years of 2019 and 2020 was implemented. Three levels of irrigation including full irrigation (control or 90% of field capacity), irrigation based on 75% of field capacity (25% soil moisture discharge) and irrigation based on 50% of field capacity (50% soil moisture discharge) in the main plots Done. Factorial wetting of three levels of nitrogen from urea source, including zero (control), 150 and 300 kg ha-1 urea fertilizer; and foliar application of zinc sulfate at 3 levels of 0, 2 and 4 per thousand as the second factor in random was randomized. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the interaction of year deficit irrigation stress×foliar application of zinc sulfate and the interaction of year deficit irrigation stress×nitrogen on total fresh yield were significant. The interaction of year deficit irrigation stress, year. Nitrogen fertilizer, year and foliar application of zinc sulfate, low irrigation stress×foliar application of zinc sulfate and the interaction of low irrigation stress×nitrogen fertilizer on the concentration of digestible dry matter were significant. Wet forage yield in full irrigation and consumption of 150 kg urea per hectare was 77728 kg.ha-1. Wet forage yield was obtained in complete irrigation treatment and consumption of 4 per thousand zinc sulfate in the amount of 78163 kg.ha-1. At irrigation levels based on the presence of 75% and 50% of field capacity, consumption of 4 per thousand zinc sulfate increased this index, so that in the mentioned treatments wet yield was obtained at 67460 and 49855 kg.ha-1, respectively. Irrigation treatment based on 50% of field capacity, application of 300 kg of urea fertilizer and 2 per thousand zinc sulfate resulted in grain protein content of 8.6%. Due to the lack of significant differences between treatments 2 and 4 per thousand zinc sulfate in different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, so the use of 300 kg of urea fertilizer per hectare and 2 per thousand zinc sulfate has good performance and economic justification and as the superior compound was selected to counteract the harmful effects of dehydration.
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