اثر تاریخ کاشت و سولفات‌روی بر فنولوژی، شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد دانه بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantiaiberica (M.B.) Fischer & Meyer)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مینا رستمی ¹ , فرید شکاری ^{2 *} , کامران افصحی ³ , مجید خیاوی ⁴

1 - گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران
2 - گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران
3 - دانشگاه زنجان، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی،
4 - مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زنجان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/01/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/03/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/12/02

کلید واژه: اجزای عملکرد, سرعت رشد محصول, سرعت رشد نسبی, شاخص سطح برگ, مراحل فنولوژیک, وزن هزاردانه,

چکیده مقاله :

بالنگوی شهری به دلیل تولید دانه‌های روغنی، برگ‌های خوراکی و متابولیت‌های ثانویه دارای اهمیت غذایی، علوفه‌ای و دارویی است. انتخاب تاریخ مناسب کاشت در کنار تغذیه گیاهی می‌تواند اثر عمیقی روی تولید و کیفیت گیاهان زراعی داشته باشد. پژوهش حاضر جهت ارزیابی اثر تاریخ کاشت (25/12/1397، 25/01/1398 و 23/02/1398) و محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی (صفر، 2 و 4 گرم در لیتر) بر شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد بالنگوی شهری، به صورت مزرعه ‏ای به اجرا درآمد. با تاخیر در کاشت طول دوره پیش از گلدهی، طول دوره پس از گلدهی، ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ (LAI)، سرعت رشد محصول (CGR)، سرعت رشد نسبی (RGR) و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه کاهش پیدا کرد. در مقابل، استفاده از سولفات روی موجب افزایش ارتفاع بوته، LAI، CGR و RGR گردید. با افزایش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی و تعداد کپسول در بوته نیز افزایش پیدا کرد. بیشترین اثر کاربرد سولفات روی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در تاریخ کاشت اول مشاهده شد و با تاخیر در کاشت کارایی استفاده از کود روی کاهش یافت. در تاریخ کاشت سوم کاربرد سولفات روی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه نداشت. تأخیر در کاشت موجب کاهش عملکرد از مسیر کاهش تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد کپسول در بوته و وزن هزاردانه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کشت زودهنگام و کاربرد سولفات روی از مسیر افزایش طول دوره پیش از گلدهی و پس از گلدهی، LAI، RGR و CGR موجب افزایش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد کپسول در بوته و وزن هزاردانه و در نتیجه موجب عملکرد دانه بالاتر در بالنگوی شهری گردید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The production of oilseeds, edible leaves, and secondary metabolites of dragon's head makes it an important food, forage, and medicinal plant. Choosing a proper planting date and plant nutrition can make a significant effecton crop plantsgrowth, quality and yield.The effects of planting date (16 March, 14 April, and 13 May 2019) and foliar application of zinc sulfate (zero as control, 2 and 4 g.L-1) on growth indices and seed yield of dragon's head was evaluated under a field experiment.Delayed planting date reduced the days to flowering, days to seed ripening, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and grain yield, and yield components.In contrast, the use of zinc sulfate increased plant height, LAI, CGR and RGR. There was a correlation between plant height and number of branches and consequently there were more capsules per plant.The highest effect of zinc sulfate application on seed yield and yield components was observed in the first planting date and with delay in planting, the efficiency of zinc sulfate fertilizer application decreased. On the third planting date, zinc sulfate application had no significant effect on grain yield. As a result of late planting, fewer branches, fewer capsules per plant, and smaller seeds contributed to the yield reduction.It was found that early cultivation and application of zinc sulfate increased plant height, number of branches, number of capsules per plant, 1000-seed weight, and thus seed yield, by increasing the days to flowering, days to ripening, LAI, CGR, and RGR.

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