تأثیر کم‌آبیاری مديريت شده و کاربرد کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa)
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیحسن فاطمی کیان 1 , مریم تاتاری 2 * , محمدرضا تکلو 3 , معصومه صالحی 4 , کمال حاج محمدنیا قالیباف 5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت(فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی)، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیروان
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شیروان، شیروان، ایران
3 - استادیارگروه زراعت،دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بجنورد
4 - استاديار مركز ملي شوري، مركز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی یزد، یزد، ایران
5 - استاديار گروه اگروتكنولوژي، دانشكده كشاورزي، دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد، مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: شاخص سطح برگ, کود دامی, سرعت رشد نسبی, کینوا,
چکیده مقاله :
فراهمی مواد آلی در شرایط کم‌آبیاری می‌تواند راه حلی عملی برای تعدیل اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش خشکی باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر دو عامل کم‌آبیاری و کاربرد کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی کینوا آزمایشی در سال 1398 به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در دو مکان (مشهد و نیشابور) و در سه تکرار انجام شد. سطوح مختلف کم‌آبیاری در کرت اصلی و تیمارهای کودی در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفت. سطوح کم‌آبیاری شامل I0: آبیاری کامل، I1 :کم‌آبیاری مرحله سبز شدن، I2: کم‌آبیاری مرحله طویل شدن ساقه، I3: کم‌آبیاری مرحله گلدهی، I4: کم‌آبیاری مرحله دانه بستن بود و تیمارهای کودی شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف کود)، کود شیمیایی بر اساس توصیه کودی، 10تن کود دامی و 20تن کود دامی در هکتار بودند. بیشترین وزن هزار دانه در تیمار 20 تن کود دامی و تیمار I2 در نیشابور به دست آمد. کمترین وزن هزار دانه در تیمار 10 و 20 تن کود دامی و کم‌آبیاری I1 در نیشابور حاصل شد. کمترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار I1 در نیشابور و بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار I0 با کاربرد 20 تن کود دامی در مشهد مشاهده شد. اعمال تیمارهای کودی سرعت رشد محصول را در هر دو مکان آزمایش افزایش داد، اما تأثیر کودهای دامی بر افزایش سرعت رشد محصول بیش از تأثیر کود شیمیایی بود. در مجموع تیمار I2 همراه با مصرف 10 تن کود دامی در هکتار در هر دو مکان، عملکرد دانه و تولید ماده خشک بالایی داشت.
The availability of organic matter in deficit irrigation conditions can be a practical solution to compensate the negative effects of drought stress. In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and chemical fertilizers on yield and some physiological traits of quinoa an experiment was conducted in 2019 as split plot based on a randomized complete block design in two locations (Mashhad and Neishabour). Irrigation levels included, I0: full irrigation, I1: irrigation at emergence stage, I2: irrigation at stem elongation stage, I3: irrigation at flowering stage, I4: irrigation at seed setting stage. Fertilizer treatments included control (no fertilizer application); chemical fertilizer application according to local practices; manure application of 10 tons; and manure application of 20 tons per hectare. Seed yield and yield components, leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate were measured. The highest 1000-seed weight was obtained in 20 tons of manure and I2 treatment in Neishabour. The lowest 1000-seed weight was obtained in 10 and 20 tons of manure and I1 in Neishabour. The lowest grain yield in I1 treatment was observed in Neishabour and the highest grain yield in I0 treatment with 20 t.ha-1 manure was observed in Mashhad. Fertilizer treatments increased crop growth rate in both experimental sites, but the effect of manure on increasing crop growth rate was greater than the effect of chemical fertilizer. However, due to the high fat content of quinoa, the use of 20 tons of manure per hectare is recommended if it is purely economic. In general, I2 treatment along with the application of manure in both places had high grain yield and dry matter production.
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