اثر کودهای آلی، میکوریزا و خاک ورزی بر عملکرد و میزان نیتروژن و فسفر در دانه، برگ و خاک تحت کشت ذرت
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
علیرضا فیلی نژاد
1
,
محمد میرزائی حیدری
2
*
,
فرزاد بابایی
3
,
عباس ملکی
4
,
محمود رستمی نیا
5
1 - دانشجوی دکترای زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایران.
2 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایلام، ایلام، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ایلام
5 - دانشگاه ایلام
کلید واژه: خاک ورزی, عملکرد, ذرت, میکوریزا, پتاسیم,
چکیده مقاله :
تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر خاک ورزی، کودهای آلی و میکوریزا بر صفات کمی و جذب عناصر در ذرت انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات با 4 تکرار در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در مرداد ماه سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 در شهرستان ایوان در استان ایلام انجام شد. خاک ورزی در 3 سطح (بدون خاک ورزی، خاک ورزی تا عمق 10 سانتی‌متر و خاک ورزی تا عمق 30 سانتی‌متر)، کود آلی در 3 سطح (عدم مصرف، ورمی‌کمپوست 30 تن در هکتار و کود گاوی 30 تن در هکتار) و قارچ میکوریزا جنسGlomus mosseae و به روش تلقیح با خاک (مصرف و عدم مصرف) بود. در سیستم خاک‌ورزی سطحی، عملکرد دانه به‌مقدار 7053/2 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که نسبت به تیمار بدون خاک ورزی که کمترین مقدار را داشت 21 درصد افزایش نشان داد. در سیستم خاک‌ورزی سطحی و مصرف کود گاوی، بیشترین عملکرد دانه به‌مقدار 8198/2 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد. برهم‌کنش میکوریزا و خاک‌ورزی بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. در حالت خاک‌ورزی سطحی و میکوریزا حداکثر عملکرد دانه به‌مقدار 7076/1 کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد که اختلاف معنی‌داری با تیمار بدون خاک ورزی و عمیق هم در حالت مصرف میکوریزا و هم در حالت عدم مصرف میکوریزا داشت. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده در این بررسی مشخص شد که اجرای خاک ورزی سطحی نسبت به عمیق موجب افزایش عملکرد گیاه شده است.
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in August of the crop year 2017 and 2018 in Ivan city in Ilam province. Tillage at 3 levels (no tillage, tillage to a depth of 10 cm and tillage to a depth of 30 cm), organic fertilizer at 3 levels (no use, vermicompost 30 tons per hectare and bovine manure 30 tons per hectare) and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and it was by soil inoculation method (consumption and non-consumption). In a minimal tillage system, seed yield was 7053.2 kg ha-1, an increase of 21% compared to the least amount of tillage-free treatment. In the minimum tillage system and the consumption of cow manure, the highest grain yield was obtained in the amount of 8198.2 kg ha-1. The interaction of mycorrhizae and tillage on grain yield was significant. In the case of minimal tillage and mycorrhizae, the maximum grain yield was707.1 kg ha-1, which was significantly different from the treatment without tillage and deep in both mycorrhizal and non-amycorrhizal states. According to the results obtained in this study, it was found that soil application at least relative to the deep system has increased plant yield.
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