طراحی یک تقویت کننده کم نویزوتوان پایین برای استاندارد سیستم موقعیت یاب جهانی (GPS) بر مبنای شبیه سازی و روابط ریاضی
محورهای موضوعی : مدارهای مجتمع الکترونیک
مژگان جواهرنیا
1
,
ساحل جواهرنیا
2
1 - گروه ریاضی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شبستر
2 - گروه برق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد صوفیان، صوفیان، آذربایجان شرقی
کلید واژه: فیدبک خازنی-مقاومتی, سورس دژنراسیون, سلف wire-bond, سورس مشترک, تقویت کننده کم نویز,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه یکی از مسائل مهم در سیستم‌های مخابرات سیار، داشتن عمر بالای باتری است. از این رو مسئله توان مصرفی، به عنوان یکی از چالش ها در عرصه طراحی مدارات فرکانس بالا نمایان است. در یک گیرنده فرکانس بالا بدلیل قرار گیری تقویت کننده کم نویز در طبقه اول گیرنده، این تقویت کننده اهمیت بسیار بالایی برای تعیین خطینگی و نویز در کل گیرنده دارد. در این مقاله یک تقویت کننده کم نویز برای استاندارد سیستم موقعیت یاب جهانی (GPS) طراحی شده است که نسبت به کارهای گذشته نویز تقویت کننده به نحوی کاهش داده شده و همچنین توان مصرفی آن به حداقل قدار خود رسیده است. روش کار به این صورت است که در تقویت کننده های سورس مشترک پایه سورس آنها با یک سلف وصل شده که نتیجتاً منجر به بهبود نویز مدار می‌شود. اما سلف استفاده شده باعث اشغال سطح تراشه می‌شود. از این رو در این مقاله از وجود سلف در wire-bond استفاده شده و نویز تقویت کننده کاهش یافته و همچنین سطح اشغالی تراشه بزرگ نشده است. گین، NF و همچنین امپدانس ورودی تقویت کننده پیشنهادی در بهترین حالت و بدترین حالت در گوشه های FF و SS محاسبه شده اند که ملاحظه می‌شود در این مقاله در مقایسه با کارهای قبلی نتایج بسیار مطلوبی به دست آمده است.
Today, one of the most important issues in mobile communication systems is having a long battery life. Therefore, the problem of power consumption appears as one of the challenges in the field of designing high frequency circuits. In a high-frequency receiver, due to the placement of the low-noise amplifier in the first stage of the receiver, this amplifier is very important to determine the linearity and noise in the entire receiver. In this paper, a low noise amplifier has been designed for the GPS standard. Compared to previous works, the noise of the amplifier has been reduced somehow, and its power consumption has reached its minimum value. The working method is that in common source amplifiers, their source base is connected with an inductor, which results in improving circuit noise. But the used inductor occupies the surface of the chip. Therefore, in this article, the existence of the inductor in wire-bond is used, and the noise of the amplifier is reduced, and the occupied area of the chip is not increased. Gain, NF, input impedance of the proposed amplifier have been calculated in the best case and the worst case in the corners of FF and SS, and it can be seen that in this article, compared to the previous works, very favorable results have been obtained.
[1] B. Razavi, RF Microelectronics. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddel River, NJ, USA, 2011.
[2] M. Ghavami, L. Michael, and R. Kohno, Ultra wideband signals and systems in communication engineering. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
[3] M. Edwall, Low-noise amplifier design and optimization. ed, 2008.
[4] A. Kiraz, Y. Karadağ, and M. Muradoğlu, "Large spectral tuning of a water–glycerol microdroplet by a focused laser: characterization and modeling," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 10, pp. 6446-6454, 2008.
[5] S.-Y. Lee, M.-F. Huang, and C. J. Kuo, "Analysis and implementation of a CMOS even harmonic mixer with current reuse for heterodyne/direct conversion receivers," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1741-1751, doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2005.852487.
[6] M. Khurram and S. R. Hasan, "Novel analysis and optimization of gm-boosted common-gate UWB LNA," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 42, pp. 253-264, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2010.10.014.
[7] W. M. Huang et al., "Rf, analog and mixed signal technologies for communication ics-an itrs perspective," in 2006 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting, 2006, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/BIPOL.2006.311160.
[8] M. Chen, C. Tang, T. Tanabe, and Y. Oyama, "Calculation of the Nonlinear Susceptibility in van der Waals Crystals," Optics and Photonics Journal, vol. 9, pp. 178-188, 2019, doi: 10.4236/opj.2019.911016.
[9] T. H. Lee, The design of CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuits. Cambridge university press, 2003.
[10] G. Knoblinger, P. Klein, and H. Tiebout, "A new model for thermal channel noise of deep-submicron MOSFETS and its application in RF-CMOS design," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 831-837, 2001, doi: 10.1109/4.918922.
[11] S. Wolf, "Silicon processing for the VLSI era," in LATTICE, 1995, pp. 559-581.
[12] R. Jindal, "Hot-electron effects on channel thermal noise in fine-line NMOS field-effect transistors," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1395-1397, 1986, doi: 10.1109/T-ED.1986.22680.
[13] Y. K. Meena and A. Chaturvedi, "Design and Simulation of Down Conversion Mixer for LoRa Band IOT System," in International Conference on Power Electronics & IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its Control (PARC), 2020, pp. 553-556, doi: 10.1109/PARC49193.2020.236674.
[14] T. Heidari and A. Nabavi, "Design and analysis of a wideband compact LNA-mixer in millimeter wave frequency," Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 105, pp. 371-383, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10470-020-01737-3.
[15] D. Shukla, S. K. Gupta, V. Bhadauria, and R. Tripathi, "High Gain, Low Noise, Low Voltage, and Low Power Current Mode Up-Conversion Mixer for 5G Application," IETE Journal of Research, pp. 1-13, 2022, doi: 10.1080/03772063.2022.2103039.
[16] M. Kurbanov, M.-U. Sung, J.-I. Chun, Y.-J. Choi, K.-P. Kil, and S.-G. Kim, "A Low-Noise Low-Power Down-Conversion Mixer in 130nm RF CMOS Technology for 24GHz Application," in Proceedings of the 2019 KSPSE Spring Conference, 2019, pp. 82-83.
[17] J. Chung and A. A. Iliadis, "Modeling a high linearity, low noise gilbert cell mixer using three optimization techniques," in IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2020, pp. 790-793.doi: 10.1109/MWSCAS48704.2020.9184485.
[18] K. Nihar, S. Padiyar, P. Bali, D. Shilpa, and A. Mahesh, "Design of a Source Degenerated Cascode Stage Low Noise Amplifier for 5G Applications," ECS Transactions, vol. 107, p. 2531, 2022, doi: 10.1149/10701.2531ecst.
_||_[1] B. Razavi, RF Microelectronics. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddel River, NJ, USA, 2011.
[2] M. Ghavami, L. Michael, and R. Kohno, Ultra wideband signals and systems in communication engineering. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
[3] M. Edwall, Low-noise amplifier design and optimization. ed, 2008.
[4] A. Kiraz, Y. Karadağ, and M. Muradoğlu, "Large spectral tuning of a water–glycerol microdroplet by a focused laser: characterization and modeling," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 10, pp. 6446-6454, 2008.
[5] S.-Y. Lee, M.-F. Huang, and C. J. Kuo, "Analysis and implementation of a CMOS even harmonic mixer with current reuse for heterodyne/direct conversion receivers," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1741-1751, doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2005.852487.
[6] M. Khurram and S. R. Hasan, "Novel analysis and optimization of gm-boosted common-gate UWB LNA," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 42, pp. 253-264, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2010.10.014.
[7] W. M. Huang et al., "Rf, analog and mixed signal technologies for communication ics-an itrs perspective," in 2006 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting, 2006, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/BIPOL.2006.311160.
[8] M. Chen, C. Tang, T. Tanabe, and Y. Oyama, "Calculation of the Nonlinear Susceptibility in van der Waals Crystals," Optics and Photonics Journal, vol. 9, pp. 178-188, 2019, doi: 10.4236/opj.2019.911016.
[9] T. H. Lee, The design of CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuits. Cambridge university press, 2003.
[10] G. Knoblinger, P. Klein, and H. Tiebout, "A new model for thermal channel noise of deep-submicron MOSFETS and its application in RF-CMOS design," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 831-837, 2001, doi: 10.1109/4.918922.
[11] S. Wolf, "Silicon processing for the VLSI era," in LATTICE, 1995, pp. 559-581.
[12] R. Jindal, "Hot-electron effects on channel thermal noise in fine-line NMOS field-effect transistors," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1395-1397, 1986, doi: 10.1109/T-ED.1986.22680.
[13] Y. K. Meena and A. Chaturvedi, "Design and Simulation of Down Conversion Mixer for LoRa Band IOT System," in International Conference on Power Electronics & IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its Control (PARC), 2020, pp. 553-556, doi: 10.1109/PARC49193.2020.236674.
[14] T. Heidari and A. Nabavi, "Design and analysis of a wideband compact LNA-mixer in millimeter wave frequency," Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 105, pp. 371-383, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10470-020-01737-3.
[15] D. Shukla, S. K. Gupta, V. Bhadauria, and R. Tripathi, "High Gain, Low Noise, Low Voltage, and Low Power Current Mode Up-Conversion Mixer for 5G Application," IETE Journal of Research, pp. 1-13, 2022, doi: 10.1080/03772063.2022.2103039.
[16] M. Kurbanov, M.-U. Sung, J.-I. Chun, Y.-J. Choi, K.-P. Kil, and S.-G. Kim, "A Low-Noise Low-Power Down-Conversion Mixer in 130nm RF CMOS Technology for 24GHz Application," in Proceedings of the 2019 KSPSE Spring Conference, 2019, pp. 82-83.
[17] J. Chung and A. A. Iliadis, "Modeling a high linearity, low noise gilbert cell mixer using three optimization techniques," in IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2020, pp. 790-793.doi: 10.1109/MWSCAS48704.2020.9184485.
[18] K. Nihar, S. Padiyar, P. Bali, D. Shilpa, and A. Mahesh, "Design of a Source Degenerated Cascode Stage Low Noise Amplifier for 5G Applications," ECS Transactions, vol. 107, p. 2531, 2022, doi: 10.1149/10701.2531ecst.