استفاده از روش بهینه سازی ژنتیک در هماهنگ سازی بانک‌های خازنی، تپ چنجرهای ترانسفورماتورها و ذخیره گرها در حضور سیستم‌های خورشیدی
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی الکترونیکاسماعیل آذرکیش 1 , مصطفی اسماعیل بیگ 2
1 - گروه برق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران
2 - گروه برق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بوشهر، بوشهر ، ایران
کلید واژه: هماهنگی ادوات تنظیم ولتاژ, SVR, منابع فوتوولتائیک, بانک خازنی,
چکیده مقاله :
بهره گیری از منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر چالش‌های نوینی را به شبکه برق تحمیل می‌نماید که به واسطه ذات عدم قطعی این نوع منابع می‌باشد. زمانی که تولید منابع تجدیدپذیر از تقاضای محلی فراتر رود ممکن است سبب فلوی توانی معکوس در فیدر توزیع شود. فلوی توانی معکوس ممکن است سبب افزایش ولتاژ و بهره برداری نادرست از ادوات تنظیم ولتاژ شود. در این مقاله روشی برای تنظیم ولتاژ توسط ذخیره گرها، تولید متغیر منابع تولید پراکنده و ادوات کنترلی ارائه گردیده است. برای هماهنگی میان ادوات مختلف تنظیم ولتاژ استراتژی ارائه گردیده است که در آن هماهنگی‌ها شامل پیکربندی فیدرها، پروفایل تقاضا، نقاط تنظیمی تپ چنجرهای ترانسفورماتورها، تنظیمات بانک‌های خازنی و ذخیره گرهای به کار گرفته شده می‌باشد. در روش هماهنگ سازی هدف ارتقای پروفایل ولتاژ سیستم ضمن کمینه سازی تلفات در بازه زمانی بهره برداری می‌باشد. روش بهینه سازی ژنتیک برای حل مساله و دستیابی به راه حل بهینه یعنی مینیمم تغییرات ولتاژی و حداقل تلفات فیدرها استفاده گردیده است. روش پیشنهادی در شبکه تست 123 باس IEEE پیاده سازی گردیده است. با تحلیل نتایج مشخص گردید که تجمیع منابع فوتوولتائیک تلفات انرژی را کاهش می‌دهد و تلفات سیستم توزیع با افزایش سایز فوتوولتائیک کاهش می‌یابد. با افزایش سطح نفوذ منابع فوتوولتائیک، ولتاژ بیشتر افزایش می‌یابد و به تعداد تغییر تپ و تغییرات SVR بیشتری برای حفظ ولتاژ نیاز می‌باشد. همچنین اثبات گردید که روشن شدن سوئیچ بانک‌های خازنی سبب بهبود پروفایل ولتاژ می‌شود و استفاده از ذخیره گرها سبب حفظ امنیت سیستم به طور حداکثری می‌شود.
The use of renewable energy sources imposes new challenges on the electricity grid. This is mainly due to the variable nature and uncertainty of this type of resources. When the generation of renewables exceeds local demand, it may cause a reverse power flow in the feeder distribution. Reverse power flow may cause voltage rise and improper operation of voltage regulators. In this paper, a method for voltage regulation is proposed by using storage devices, variable generation of distributed generation sources and control devices. A strategy has been proposed for coordination between the various voltage regulating device. In the coordination method, the aim is to improve the system voltage profile while minimizing losses during the operation period. Genetic optimization method has been used to solve the problem and achieve the optimal solution, ie minimum voltage changes and minimum feeder losses. The proposed method is implemented in IEEE 123 bus test network in MATLAB software environment. Analysis of the results showed that the presence of photovoltaic sources reduces energy losses and the losses of the distribution system decrease with increasing photovoltaic size. The results also show that as the penetration level of photovoltaic sources increases, the voltage increases further and more tap changing and SVR changes are required to maintain the voltage. It was also proved that turning on the capacitor bank switch improves the voltage profile and the use of storage devices maximizes system security.
[1] M.H. Amini, M.P. Moghaddam, O. Karabasoglu , "Simultaneous allocation of electric vehicles' parking lots and distributed renewable resources in power distribution network," Sustainable Cities and Society ,vol.28,no.1,pp.332–342,2017, doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.10.006.
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[6] M. Chamana and B. H. Chowdhury, "Optimal Voltage Regulation of Distribution Networks With Cascaded Voltage Regulators in the Presence of High PV Penetration," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1427-1436, July 2018, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2017.2788869.
[7] Y. Guo, Q. Wu, H. Gao, X. Chen, J. Østergaard and H. Xin, "MPC-Based Coordinated Voltage Regulation for Distribution Networks With Distributed Generation and Energy Storage System," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1731-1739, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2869932.
[8] C. Jamroen, A. Pannawan and S. Sirisukprasert, "Battery Energy Storage System Control for Voltage Regulation in Microgrid with High Penetration of PV Generation," in International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2018, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541888.
[9] M. Khadem, M. Esmaeilbeig, " Optimize the Number, Locating, and Sizing of D-STATCOM and DGs Using GA Algorithm," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 29-42, 2021 (in Persian).
[10] M. Khadem, M. Najafi, " Demand Planning and Transmission Network Development in the Capacity Market Using Microgrids," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 43-58, 2021 (in Persian).
[11] S. Naseri, M. Najafi, M. Esmaeilbeig, "Economic Dispatch Problem for Minimizing Cost and Improving Reliability Consifering Uncertainty," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 77-91, 2021 (in Persian).
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[14] J. Liua, Y. Li, C. Rehtanz, Y. Cao, X. Qiao, G. Lina, Y. Songc, C. Sun, "An OLTC-inverter coordinated voltage regulation method for distribution network with high penetration of PV generations," Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol.113,no.1,2019, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.06.030.
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_||_[1] M.H. Amini, M.P. Moghaddam, O. Karabasoglu , "Simultaneous allocation of electric vehicles' parking lots and distributed renewable resources in power distribution network," Sustainable Cities and Society ,vol.28,no.1,pp.332–342,2017, doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.10.006.
[2] M. Aryanezhad, M. Joorabian, E. Ostadaghaee, "A novel simplified approach to complexity of power system components including nonlinear controllers based model reduction," Int J Electr Power Energy Syst,vol.73, 2015, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.05.013.
[3] X. Li, T. Borsche, G. Andersson, "PV integration in Low-Voltage feeders with Demand Response," IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, 2015, pp. 1-6, doi:10.1109/PTC.2015.7232251.
[4] H. Zhao, Q. Wu, S. Hu, H. Xu, C.N. Rasmussen, "Review of energy storage system for wind power integration support," Appl Energy ,vol.137, pp.545-553,2015, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.103.
[5] M. Farrokhifar, "Optimal operation of energy storage devices with RESs to improve efficiency of distribution grids: technical and economical assessment," Int J Electr Power Energy Syst, vol.74, pp.153-161,2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.07.029.
[6] M. Chamana and B. H. Chowdhury, "Optimal Voltage Regulation of Distribution Networks With Cascaded Voltage Regulators in the Presence of High PV Penetration," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1427-1436, July 2018, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2017.2788869.
[7] Y. Guo, Q. Wu, H. Gao, X. Chen, J. Østergaard and H. Xin, "MPC-Based Coordinated Voltage Regulation for Distribution Networks With Distributed Generation and Energy Storage System," in IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1731-1739, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2869932.
[8] C. Jamroen, A. Pannawan and S. Sirisukprasert, "Battery Energy Storage System Control for Voltage Regulation in Microgrid with High Penetration of PV Generation," in International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 2018, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/UPEC.2018.8541888.
[9] M. Khadem, M. Esmaeilbeig, " Optimize the Number, Locating, and Sizing of D-STATCOM and DGs Using GA Algorithm," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 29-42, 2021 (in Persian).
[10] M. Khadem, M. Najafi, " Demand Planning and Transmission Network Development in the Capacity Market Using Microgrids," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 43-58, 2021 (in Persian).
[11] S. Naseri, M. Najafi, M. Esmaeilbeig, "Economic Dispatch Problem for Minimizing Cost and Improving Reliability Consifering Uncertainty," Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 11, no.41, pp. 77-91, 2021 (in Persian).
[12] T. A. Nguyen, R. Rigo-Mariani, M. A. Ortega-Vazquez and D. S. Kirschen, "Voltage Regulation in Distribution Grid Using PV Smart Inverters," IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2018, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/PESGM.2018.8586453.
[13] T. Cui, Y. Shen, L. Liang, B. Zhang, H. Guo and J. Zuo, "Real-Time Voltage Regulation of Distributed Power Grids with Wind Power Integration," in International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2018, pp. 2102-2107, doi: 10.1109/POWERCON.2018.8602299.
[14] J. Liua, Y. Li, C. Rehtanz, Y. Cao, X. Qiao, G. Lina, Y. Songc, C. Sun, "An OLTC-inverter coordinated voltage regulation method for distribution network with high penetration of PV generations," Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol.113,no.1,2019, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.06.030.
[15] I. Bendato, A. Bonfiglio, M. Brignone, F. Delfino, F. Pampararo, R. Procopio, "A real-time energy management system for the integration of economical aspects and system operator requirements: definition and validation," Renew Energy ,vol.102, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.10.061.
[16] J. Krata, T.K Saha., R. Yan, "Model-driven real-time control coordination for distribution grids with medium-scale photovoltaic generation," IET Renew Power Gener,vol.11,no.12,2017,doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0096.
[17] M. Nick, M. Hohmann, R. Cherkaoui and M. Paolone, "Optimal location and sizing of distributed storage systems in active distribution networks," in IEEE Grenoble Conference, 2013, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PTC.2013.6652514.
[18] W. Chang, "The state of charge estimating methods for battery: a review," International Scholarly Research Notices, vol. 2013, doi:10.1155/2013/953792.
[19] N. Watrin, B. Blunier and A. Miraoui, "Review of adaptive systems for lithium batteries State-of-Charge and State-of-Health estimation," in IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), 2012, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ITEC.2012.6243437.
[20] J. Chiasson and B. Vairamohan, "Estimating the state of charge of a battery," in IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 465-470, May 2005, doi: 10.1109/TCST.2004.839571.
[21] K. Soon, C. Moo, Y. Chen, Y. Hsieh, "Enhanced coulomb counting method forestimating state-of-charge and state-of-health of lithium-ion batteries," Appl.Energy, vol.86,no.9,2009, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.11.021.
[22] W. H. Kersting, "Radial distribution test feeders," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 975-985, Aug. 1991, doi: 10.1109/59.119237.
[23] M. Aryanezhad, "Management and coordination of LTC, SVR, shunt capacitor and energy storage with high PV penetration in power distribution system for voltage regulation and power loss minimization," Electrical Power and Energy Systems,vol.100,pp.178-192, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.02.015.