بهبود کیفیت جریان تزریقی سیستم بهساز توان پیل سوختی متصل به شبکه ضعیف
مجید حسین پور
1
(
گروه آموزشی مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
)
هادی خرم‌دل
2
(
گروه مهندسی برق، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
)
مهدی شاهپرستی
3
(
School of Technology and Innovations, Electrical Engineering, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland.
)
کلید واژه: اینورتر متصل به شبکه, پیل سوختی, شبکه ضعیف, شکل‌دهی امپدانس, فیلتر LCL,
چکیده مقاله :
در اینورترهای متصل به شبکه کیفیت جریان تزریقی به شبکه به طور جدی تحت تأثیر هارمونیک‌های ولتاژ نقطه اتصال مشترک قرار می‌گیرد. به طور کلی برای حل مشکل هارمونیک‌های ولتاژ نقطه اتصال مشترک، روش شکل‌دهی امپدانس پیشخور ولتاژ نقطه اتصال مشترک روی اینورتر متصل به شبکه اعمال می‌شود، اما اعمال این روش باعث ایجاد تاخیر فاز 90 درجه در امپدانس خروجی اینورتر می‌شود که این تاخیر فاز سازگاری اینورتر متصل به شبکه با شبکه ضعیف را بدتر میکند. برای حل این مشکل و بهبود کیفیت توان تزریقی اینورتر متصل به شبکه مبتنی بر پیل سوختی با فیلتر LCL، در این مقاله یک روش جدید شکل‌دهی امپدانس مجازی مبتنی بر تقسیم فرکانس پیشنهاد شده است که امپدانس خروجی اینورتر متصل به شبکه مبتنی بر پیل سوختی را به ترتیب با ضرایب مختلف در باندهای فرکانسی مختلف شکل‌دهی میکند. اصول اولیه، تحلیل نظری، طراحی پارامترها و تجزیه و تحلیل کاربرد به تفصیل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با طرح پیشنهادی، اینورتر متصل به شبکه مبتنی بر پیل سوختی می‌تواند به طور همزمان توانایی حذف هارمونیک‌های ولتاژ نقطه اتصال مشترک و سازگاری قوی با طیف وسیعی از امپدانس شبکه ضعیف را دارا باشد. نهایتاً شبیه‌سازی اینورتر متصل به شبکه در محیط Simulink/MATLAB انجام شده است که نتایج به دست آمده از تحلیل نظری و شبیه‌سازی کارایی و عملکرد مطلوب روش پیشنهادی را در تزریق توان پیل سوختی به شبکه و بهبود کیفیت جریان تزریقی همراه با پایداری برای شبکه ضعیف را تایید میکند.
چکیده انگلیسی :
In grid-connected inverters, the quality of the current injected into the grid is significantly affected by the harmonics present in the common connection point voltage. Typically, to address the harmonics issue in this voltage, the coupling voltage feedforward impedance shaping method is applied to the grid-connected inverter. However, this method introduces a 90-degree phase delay in the inverter's output impedance, which corresponds to the matching phase delay of the grid-connected inverter. This issue is exacerbated by weak network conditions. This article proposes a novel virtual impedance shaping method grounded in frequency division to tackle this problem and enhance the quality of the power injected by grid-connected inverters based on fuel cells with an LCL filter. This method modifies the output impedance of the fuel cell-based grid-connected inverter to achieve different orders with varying coefficients across different frequency bands. The article thoroughly investigates the fundamental principles, theoretical analysis, design parameters, and application analysis of this method. With the proposed design, the inverter can effectively target common junction voltage harmonics while also demonstrating strong compatibility with a wide range of weak grid impedances. Finally, the simulation of the grid-connected inverter was conducted in the Simulink/MATLAB environment. The findings from both the theoretical analysis and simulation validate the efficiency and optimal performance of the proposed method. It confirms its effectiveness in injecting fuel cell power into the grid, improving the quality of the injected current, and enhancing stability in weak grid conditions.
[1] Hosseinpour, M., Akbari, R. and Shahparasti, M., “A Robust Photovoltaic Power Conditioning System Connected to Weak Grid Through Virtual Impedance Shaping,” Journal of Solar Energy Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp.1870-1886, 2024.
[2] Tariq, A.H., Kazmi, S.A.A., Hassan, M., Ali, S.M. and Anwar, M., “Analysis of fuel cell integration with hybrid microgrid systems for clean energy: A comparative review,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 52, pp.1005-1034, 2024.
[3]. Chaudhary, K., Bhardvaj, K. and Chaudhary, A., “A qualitative assessment of hydrogen generation techniques for fuel cell applications,” Fuel, vol. 358, p. 130090, 2024.
[4] Lin, Z., Ruan, X., Zhang, H. and Wu, L., “A hybrid-frame control based impedance shaping method to extend the effective damping frequency range of the three-phase adaptive active damper,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 1, pp.509-521, 2022.
[5] Hosseinpour, M., Seifi, E., Khorramdel, H. and Sajedi, S., “Design and Analysis of a Photovoltaic Power Conditioning System Using Grid Voltage Feedforward Procedure in Weak Grid Condition,” International Journal of Engineering, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 304-320, 2024.
[6] Zhu, K., Sun, P., Zhou, L., Du, X. and Luo, Q., “Frequency-division virtual impedance shaping control method for grid-connected inverters in a weak and distorted grid,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 8116-8129, 2020.
[7] Chen, D., Zhang, S. and Lin, H., “An active damping control strategy for suppressing LCL resonant point migration for three-phase grid-tied inverter,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, p.22911, 2024.
[8] Kim, S.D., Tran, T.V., Yoon, S.J. and Kim, K.H., “Current Controller Design of Grid-Connected Inverter with Incomplete Observation Considering L-/LC-Type Grid Impedance,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 8, p.1855, 2024.
[9] Yoon, S.J. and Kim, K.H., “Harmonic suppression and stability enhancement of a voltage sensorless current controller for a grid-connected inverter under weak grid,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 38575-38589, 2022.
[10] Wang, X., He, Y., Pan, D., Zhang, H., Ma, Y. and Ruan, X., “Harmonic instability of LCL-type grid-connected inverter caused by the pole-zero cancellation: A case study,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 11580-11589, 2021.
[11] Fang, T., Zhang, H., Wu, H. and Zhang, Y., “Robustness enhancement of coping with dual factors for grid-connected inverter in weak grid based on synthesis-admittance-phasor scheme,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 11, 2023.
[12] Xu, L., Xin, H., Huang, L., Yuan, H., Ju, P. and Wu, D., “Symmetric admittance modeling for stability analysis of grid-connected converters,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 434-444, 2020.
[13] Petric, I.Z., Mattavelli, P. and Buso, S., “Multi-sampled grid-connected VSCs: A path toward inherent admittance passivity,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 7675-7687, 2022.
[14] Huang, L., Wu, C., Zhou, D. and Blaabjerg, F., “A double-PLLs-based impedance reshaping method for extending stability range of grid-following inverter under weak grid,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 4091-4104, 2022.
[15] Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Chen, J. and Gong, C., “Impedance-phased dynamic control method for grid-connected inverters in a weak grid,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 1, pp.274-283, 2017.
[16] Xie, C., Li, K., Zou, J. and Guerrero, J.M., “Passivity-based stabilization of LCL-type grid-connected inverters via a general admittance model,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 6636-6648, 2020.
[17] Xie, C., Li, K., Zou, J. and Guerrero, J.M., “Passivity-based design of grid-side current-controlled LCL-type grid-connected inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 9813–9823, 2020.
[18] Zhu, D., Zhou, S., Zou, X., Kang, Y. and Zou, K., “Small-signal disturbance compensation control for LCL-type grid-connected converter in weak grid,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 56, no. 3, pp.2852-2861, 2020.
[19] Lin, X., Yu, J., Yu, R., Zhang, J., Yan, Z. and Wen, H., “Improving small-signal stability of grid-connected inverter under weak grid by decoupling phase-lock loop and grid impedance,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 7040-7053, 2022.
[20] Wang, X., Qin, K., Ruan, X., Pan, D., He, Y. and Liu, F., “A robust grid-voltage feedforward scheme to improve adaptability of grid-connected inverter to weak grid condition,” IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 2384-2395, 2021.
[21] Qian, Q., Xie, S., Huang, L., Xu, J., Zhang, Z. and Zhang, B., “Harmonic suppression and stability enhancement for parallel multiple grid-connected inverters based on passive inverter output impedance”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 7587-7598, 2018.
[22] Li, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. and Guan, W., “An improved grid voltage feedforward compensation scheme of grid-connected inverter in weak grid,” In 2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC) (pp. 1-6).
[23] Ruan, X., Wang, X., Pan, D., Yang, D., Li, W., Bao, C., Ruan, X., Wang, X., Pan, D., Yang, D. and Li, W., “Weighted-feedforward scheme of grid voltages for the three-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverters under weak grid condition,” Control Techniques for LCL-Type Grid-Connected Inverters, pp. 249-270, 2019.
[24] Xu, J., Xie, S., Qian, Q. and Zhang, B., “Adaptive feedforward algorithm without grid impedance estimation for inverters to suppress grid current instabilities and harmonics due to grid impedance and grid voltage distortion,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 7574-7586, 2018.
[25] Akinyele, D., Olabode, E. and Amole, A., “Review of fuel cell technologies and applications for sustainable microgrid systems,” Inventions, vol. 5, no. 3, p.42, 2021.
[26] Lin, X., Yu, J., Yu, R., Zhang, J., Yan, Z. and Wen, H., “Improving small-signal stability of grid-connected inverter under weak grid by decoupling phase-lock loop and grid impedance,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 7040-7053, 2021.
[27] Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Chen, J. and Gong, C., “Impedance-phased dynamic control method for grid-connected inverters in a weak grid,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 274-283, 2017.
[28] Wang, F., Duarte, J.L., Hendrix, M.A. and Ribeiro, P.F., “Modeling and analysis of grid harmonic distortion impact of aggregated DG inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 786-797, 2010.
[29] Wang, X., Bao, C., Ruan, X., Li, W. and Pan, D., “Design considerations of digitally controlled LCL-filtered inverter with capacitor-current-feedback active damping,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 2, vol. 4, pp. 972-984, 2015.