هواژل‌ها، مواد نانوساختار سه‌بعدی: روش‌های سنتز، مشخصه‌یابی و کاربردها
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی شیمیمرتضی نامور 1 , مصطفی مهین روستا 2 , علی اله وردی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی شیمی، آزمایشگاه تحقیقات صنایع شیمیایی معدنی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
2 - دکتری مهندسی شیمی، آزمایشگاه تحقیقات صنایع شیمیایی معدنی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
3 - استاد مهندسی شیمی، آزمایشگاه تحقیقات صنایع شیمیایی معدنی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: سنتز, کاربردها, هواژل, خشک‌کردن, مشخصه‌یابی,
چکیده مقاله :
هواژل ها به دلیل ویژگی شگفت‌انگیز و کاربردهای بالقوه‌شان در حوزه‌های بسیار متنوع فناوری، توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده‌اند. هواژل ها شبکه‌های متخلخل سه‌بعدی یا موادی با ساختار متخلخل هستند که از ژل‌های مرطوب به دست می‌آیند، جایی که حلال‌ها با هوا جایگزین شده‌اند. خشک‌کردن ژل یک مرحله حیاتی در تهیه هواژل است. تاکنون روش‌های زیادی برای خشک‌کردن هواژل به‌کاربرده شده است که متداول‌ترین، امن‌ترین و ارزان‌ترین روش، روش خشک‌کردن در فشار محیط است. به دلیل هزینه بالا در سنتز هواژل های یکپارچه، در سال‌های اخیر تهیه هواژل های متخلخل با روش‌های نوین خشک‌کردن در مقیاس بالا مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرارگرفته است. در این مقاله، به معرفی هواژل، انواع آن، تاریخچه، ویژگی‌ها، طبقه‌بندی، سنتز و کاربردهای این ماده ارزشمند پرداخته شده است. از هواژل ها در کاربردهای فنی جدیدی به عنوان عایق گرمایی کارامد، کاتالیست، ذخیره‌ساز انرژی، جاذب تصفیه آب و جاذب صدا استفاده می‌شود. همچنین، هواژل ها در زیست پزشکی و حسگرها نیز به کار می‌روند. بحث در مورد چالش‌ها، محدودیت‌ها و نیاز مبرم به توسعه فناوری‌های جدید برای تولید هواژل ارایه شده است.
In recent years, aerogels attracted more attention due to their outstanding properties and potential applications in a wide variety of technological fields. Aerogels are three-dimensional porous networks or materials with a porous structure obtained from wet gels, where the solvents are replaced by air. A critical step in aerogel formation is the drying of the hydrogel. Many methods have been used to dry aerogel, the most common, safest, and cheapest method among the methods is ambient pressure drying. Due to the high-cost synthesis of monolithic aerogels, in recent years, researchers focused on the preparation of porous aerogels with modern drying methods on a large scale. In this article, aerogel, its types, history, characteristics, classification, preparation methods, properties, and applications of this interesting material are introduced. Aerogels are used in new technical applications as efficient thermal insulation, catalyst, energy storage material, water treatment adsorbent, and sound absorbent. Aerogels are also used in biomedicine and sensors. A discussion on the challenges, limitations, and urgent need to develop new technologies for aerogel production is presented.
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_||_[1] Fricke, J.; Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 100, 169-173, 1988.
[2] Fricke, J.; Emmerling, A.; Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 13, 299-303, 1998.
[3] Namvar, M.; Mahinroosta, M.; Allahverdi, A; Mohammadzadeh, K.; Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 586, 121561, 2022.
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[6] Wu, X.; Zhou, J.; Xing, W.; Wang, G.; Cui, H.; Zhuo, S.; Xue, Q.; Yan, Z.; Qiao, S. Z.; Journal of Materials Chemistry 43, 23186-23193, 2012.
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[50] Mekonnen, B.T.; Ding, W.; Liu, H.; Guo, S.; Pang, X.; Ding, Z.; Seid, M..; Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 3, 1-16, 2021.
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