بررسی و مقایسه پوشش کیتوسان و آلوئه ورا بر عمر پس از برداشت، کیفیت و ترکیبات زیست¬فعال توت‌فرنگی رقم کاماروسا ( Strawberry camarosa)
محورهای موضوعی : نانوذراتپویا جلالی 1 , عبدالرسول ذاکرین 2 * , عبدالحسین ابوطالبی جهرمی 3 , حمید صادقی 4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران
4 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران
کلید واژه: فنول کل, ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی, مواد جامد محلول, اسید قابل تیتر, شاخص طعم, درصد پوسیدگی&rlm, ,
چکیده مقاله :
توت‌فرنگی از جمله میوه‌های فسادپذیر است و از این رو در دهه‌های اخیر تلاش فراوانی در راستای افزایش ماندگاری توت‌فرنگی و حفظ ارزش تغذیه‌ای آن در شرایط پس از برداشت با روش‌هایی غیر از کاربرد قارچ‌کش‌ها صورت گرفته است. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، در پژوهش حاضر اثرات کاربرد هفت تیمار پوشش شامل سه تیمار کیتوسان (محلول 50/0، 75/0 و 1درصد)، سه تیمار ژل آلوئهورا (محلول 25/0، 50/0 و 75/0 درصد) به همراه شاهد بر عمر انباری و کیفیت محصول توت‌فرنگی در شرایط انبار (دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد با رطوبت 90 درصد) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در روزهای 3، 6 و 12 انبارمانی، شاخص‌های کیفی و عمر پس از برداشت میوه‌ها ارزیابی شد. کاربرد پوشش‌های خوراکی میزان اتلاف وزن، پوسیدگی میوه، محتوای مواد جامد محلول، pH آب میوه و شاخص طعم را در طول دورۀ انبارمانی نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. در مقابل موجب افزایش محتوای اسیدهای قابل تیتر، ویتامین ث، سفتی بافت، ترکیبات فنولی و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی نسبت به شاهد گشت. در بین تیمارهای مورد استفاده، کاربرد کیتوسان 1 درصد و آلوئهورا 75/0 درصد بیشترین کارایی را در افزایش عمر انباری و کیفیت میوۀ توت‌فرنگی داشتند. نتایج این پژوهش استفاده از این مواد را به عنوان پوشش‌های خوراکی و بیخطر برای مصرف کننده توصیه می کند.
Strawberry is one of the perishable fruits, and therefore, in recent decades, many efforts have been made to increase the shelf life of strawberries and its nutritional value in post-harvest conditions with methods other than fungicides. Considering the importance of the subject, in the present study, the effects of seven tratmnets of chitosan coating (0.5, 0.75 and 1 % solutions), Aloe vera gel (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% solutions) alonge with control on shelf life and the quality of the strawberry product was investigated in warehouse conditions (4 °C and 90% relative humidity). On the 3rd, 6th, and 12th days of storage, the quality and life indicators of the fruits were evaluated after harvesting. The use of edible coatings reduced the rate of weight loss, fruit decay, soluble solids content, fruit juice pH and taste index during the storage period compared to the control. In contrast, the content of titratable acids, vitamin C, tissue stiffness, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity increased compared to the control. Among the treatments used, the use of chitosan 1% and Aloe vera 0.75% were the most effective in increasing the storage life and quality of strawberry fruit. The results of this study recommended the application of these coatings as edible and safe coatings for the consumer.
Ahmed, M.J., Singh, Z. and Khan, A.S. (2009). Postharvest Aloe vera gel‐coating modulates fruit ripening and quality of ‘Arctic Snow’nectarine kept in ambient and cold storage. International journal of food science & technology. 44(5): 1024-1033.
Ali, A., Abrar, M., Sultan, M.T., Din, A. and Niaz, B. (2011). Post-harvest physicochemical changes in full ripe strawberries during cold storage. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 21(1): 38-41.
Arowora, K.A., Williams, J.O., Adetunji, C.O., Fawole, O.B., Afolayan, S.S., Olaleye, O.O., Adetunji, J.B. and Ogundele, B.A. (2013). Effects of Aloe vera coatings on quality characteristics of oranges stored under cold storage. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 3(1): 39-47.
Asghari, M.R., Ahadi, L. and Riaie, S. (2013). Effect of postharvest application salicylic acid and Aloe vera gel on quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of grape fruit “Ghezel Osum”. Journal of Horticulture Science. 7(3): 349-342.
Awad, M.A. and de Jager, A. (2000). Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid concentrations in skin of ‘Jonagold’and ‘Elstar’apples during and after regular and ultra low oxygen storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 20(1): 15-24.
Ayala-Zavala, J.F., Wang, S.Y., Wang, C.Y. and González-Aguilar, G.A. (2005). Methyl jasmonate in conjunction with ethanol treatment increases antioxidant capacity, volatile compounds and postharvest life of strawberry fruit. European Food Research and Technology. 221(6): 731-738.
Babaei, A., Manafi, M. and Tavafi, H. (2013). Study on effect of Aloe vera leaf extracts on growth of Aspergillus flavus. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 1091-1097.
Barman, K., Asrey, R., Pal, R.K., Jha, S.K. and Bhatia, K. (2014). Post-harvest nitric oxide treatment reduces chilling injury and enhances the shelf-life of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit during low-temperature storage. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 89 (3): 253-260.
Bill, M., Sivakumar, D., Korsten, L. and Thompson, A.K. (2014). The efficacy of combined application of edible coatings and thyme oil in inducing resistance components in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) against anthracnose during post-harvest storage. Crop Protection. 64: 159-167.
Davarynejad, G., Zarei, M., Ardakani, E. and Nasrabadi, M.E. (2013). Influence of putrescine application on storability, postharvest quality and antioxidant activity of two Iranian apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars. Notulae Scientia Biologicae.5(2): 212-219.
Dhall, R.K. (2013). Advances in edible coatings for fresh fruits and vegetables: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 53 (5): 435-450.
Echeverria, E. and Valich, J. (1989). Enzymes of sugar and acid metabolism in stored'Valencia'oranges. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (USA).
Emamifar, A. (2014). Evaluation of the effect of aloe vera gel as an edible coating on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fresh strawberries during storage. New food technologies. 2 (6): 15-29
García-Sosa, K., Villarreal-Alvarez, N., Lübben, P. and Peña-Rodríguez, L.M. (2006). Chrysophanol, an antimicrobial anthraquinone from the root extract of Colubrina greggii. Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society. 50(2): 76-78.
Garcia-Viguera C., Zafrilla, P., Romero, F., Abella, P., Artes, F. and Tomas-Barberan, F. A. (1999). Color stability of strawberry jam as affected by cultivar and storage temperature. Journal of Food Science. 64: 243-247.
Ghasemi Tvalayi, M., Ramin, A. A. and Amini, F. (2014). The effect of edible chitosan coating on the quality and life extension of cucumber, Zomorrod cultivar. Journal of production and processing of agricultural and horticultural plants. 15: 197-189.
Han, C., Zuo, J., Wang, Q., Xu, L., Zhai, B., Wang, Z., Dong, H. and Gao, L. (2014). Effects of chitosan coating on postharvest quality and shelf life of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) during storage. Scientia Horticulturae.166: 1-8.
Hassanpour, H. (2015). Effect of Aloe vera gel coating on antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activities and decay in raspberry fruit. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 60(1): 495-501.
Hernandez-Munoz, P., Almenar, E., Del Valle, V., Velez, D. and Gavara, R. (2008). Effect of chitosan coating combined with postharvest calcium treatment on strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) quality during refrigerated storage. Food chemistry. 110 (2): 428-435.
Hong, K., Xie, J., Zhang, L., Sun, D. and Gong, D. (2012). Effects of chitosan coating on postharvest life and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit during cold storage. Scientia horticulturae. 144: 172-178.
Hosseinifarahi, M., Jamshidi, E., Amiri, S., Kamyab, F. and Radi, M. (2020). Quality, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and the degradation kinetic of some quality parameters in strawberry. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14647. Pp. 1-14.
Hu, Q., Hu, Y. and Xu, J. (2005). Free radical-scavenging activity of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) extracts by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Food Chemistry. 91(1): 85-90.
Ishaq, S., Rathore, H.A., Majeed, S., Awan, S. and Zulfiqar-Ali-Shah, S. (2009). The studies on the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) produced in Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir during storage. Pakistan journal of Nutrition. 8(6): 856-860.
Jamali, B., Eshghi, S. and Taffazoli, E. (2013). Vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality and fruit and leaf composition of strawberry cv. ‘Pajaro’as influenced by salicylic acid and nickel sprays. Journal of plant nutrition. 36(7): 1043-1055.
Khosroshahi, M.R.Z., Esna-Ashari, M. and Ershadi, A. (2007). Effect of exogenous putrescine on post-harvest life of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) fruit, cultivar Selva. Scientia Horticulturae. 114(1): 27-32.
Kong, M., Chen, X.G., Xing, K. and Park, H.J. (2010). Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review. International journal of food microbiology. 144 (1): 51-63.
Kumari, P., Barman, K., Patel, V.B., Siddiqui, M.W. and Kole, B. (2015). Reducing postharvest pericarp browning and preserving health promoting compounds of litchi fruit by combination treatment of salicylic acid and chitosan. Scientia Horticulturae. 197: 555-563.
Lin, Y., Lin, Y., Lin, H., Lin, M., Li, H., Yuan, F., Chen, Y. and Xiao, J. (2018). Effects of paper containing 1-MCP postharvest treatment on the disassembly of cell wall polysaccharides and softening in Younai plum fruit during storage. Food Chemistry. 264: 1-8.
Malik, A.U. and Singh, Z. (2006). Improved fruit retention, yield and fruit quality in mango with exogenous application of polyamines. Scientia Horticulturae. 110 (2): 167-174.
Mirdehghan, S.H. and Rahimi, S. (2016). Pre-harvest application of polyamines enhances antioxidants and table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) quality during postharvest period. Food Chemistry.196: 1040-1047.
Mohammadi, L., Ramezanian, A., Tanaka, F. and Tanaka, F. (2021). Impact of Aloe vera gel coating enriched with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil on postharvest quality of strawberry fruit. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 15(1): 353-362.
Morillon, V., Debeaufort, F., Blond, G., Capelle, M. and Voilley, A. (2002). Factors affecting the moisture permeability of lipid-based edible films: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 42(1): 67-89.
Mostafavi, H.A., Mirmajlessi, S.M., Mirjalili, S.M., Fathollahi, H. and Askari, H. (2012). Gamma radiation effects on physico-chemical parameters of apple fruit during commercial post-harvest preservation. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 81(6): 666-671.
Nasrin, T.A.A., Rahman, M.A., Hossain, M.A., Islam, M.N. and Arfin, M.S. (2017). Postharvest quality response of strawberries with aloe vera coating during refrigerated storage. The journal of horticultural science and biotechnology. 92(6): 598-605.
Navarro, D., Díaz-Mula, H.M., Guillén, F., Zapata, P.J., Castillo, S., Serrano, M., Valero, D. and Martínez-Romero, D. (2011). Reduction of nectarine decay caused by Rhizopus stolonifer, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum with Aloe vera gel alone or with the addition of thymol. International journal of food microbiology. 151(2): 241-246.
Nazoori, F., Poraziz, S., Mirdehghan, S.H., Esmailizadeh, M. and ZamaniBahramabadi, E. (2020). Improving shelf life of strawberry through application of sodium alginate and ascorbic acid coatings. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology.7(3): 279-293.
Olías, J.M., Sanz, C. and Perez, A.G. (2001). Postharvest handling of strawberries for fresh market. R. Dris, R. Nishakanen, and SM Jain (Eds). Crop Management and Postharvest Handling of Horticultural Product. Science Publisher, Inc. USA, pp. 209-227.
Pal, S., Sahrawat, A. and Prakash, D. (2013). Aloe vera: composition, processing and medicinal properties. Current Discovery. 2 (2): 106-122.
Panahirad, S., Naghshiband-Hassani, R., Bergin, S., Katam, R. and Mahna, N. (2020). Improvement of postharvest quality of plum (Prunus domestica L.) using polysaccharide-based edible coatings. Plants 9 (9): 1148.
Perdones, Á., Escriche, I., Chiralt, A. and Vargas, M. (2016). Effect of chitosan–lemon essential oil coatings on volatile profile of strawberries during storage. Food chemistry. 197: 979-986.
Perdones, A., Sánchez-González, L., Chiralt, A. and Vargas, M. (2012). Effect of chitosan–lemon essential oil coatings on storage-keeping quality of strawberry. Postharvest biology and technology. 70: 32-41.
Petriccione, M., De Sanctis, F., Pasquariello, M.S., Mastrobuoni, F., Rega, P., Scortichini, M. and Mencarelli, F. (2015a). The effect of chitosan coating on the quality and nutraceutical traits of sweet cherry during postharvest life. Food and bioprocess technology. 8(2): 394-408.
Petriccione, M., Mastrobuoni, F., Pasquariello, M.S., Zampella, L., Nobis, E., Capriolo, G. and Scortichini, M. (2015a). Effect of chitosan coating on the postharvest quality and antioxidant enzyme system response of strawberry fruit during cold storage. Foods. 4 (4): 501-523.
Petriccione, M., Mastrobuoni, F., Pasquariello, M.S., Zampella, L., Nobis, E., Capriolo, G. and Scortichini, M. (2015b). Effect of chitosan coating on the postharvest quality and antioxidant enzyme system response of strawberry fruit during cold storage. Foods. 4 (4): 501-523.
Rahimi, B.A., Shankarappa, T.H., Krishna, H.C., Mushrif, S.K., Vasudeva, K.R., Sadananda, G.K. and Masoumi, A. (2018). Chitosan and CaCl2 coatings on physicochemical and shelf life of strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7 (7): 3293-3300.
Raksha, B., Pooja, S. and Babu, S. (2014). Bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of Aloe vera L.: an update. Journal of Plant Sciences. 2(3): 102-107.
Rasouli, M., Saba, M.K. and Ramezanian, A. (2019). Inhibitory effect of salicylic acid and Aloe vera gel edible coating on microbial load and chilling injury of orange fruit. Scientia Horticulturae. 247: 27-34.
Raybaudi-Massilia, R., Mosqueda-Melgar, J., Soliva-Fortuny, R. and Martín-Belloso, O. (2016). Combinational edible antimicrobial films and coatings. Antimicrobial food packaging. 633-646.
Riaz, A., Aadil, R.M., Amoussa, A.M. O., Bashari, M., Abid, M. and Hashim, M.M. (2021). Application of chitosan‐based apple peel polyphenols edible coating on the preservation of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv Hongyan) fruit. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 45(1): e15018.
Ribeiro, C., Vicente, A.A., Teixeira, J.A., and Miranda, C. (2007). Optimization of edible coating composition to retard strawberry fruit senescence. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 44 (1): 63-70.
Sabaghi, M., Maghsoudlou, Y., Khomeiri, M. and Ziaiifar, A.M. (2015). Active edible coating from chitosan incorporating green tea extract as an antioxidant and antifungal on fresh walnut kernel. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 110: 224-228.
Saleem, M.S., Anjum, M.A., Naz, S., Ali, S., Hussain, S., Azam, M., Sardar, H., Khaliq, G., Canan, İ. and Ejaz, S. (2021). Incorporation of ascorbic acid in chitosan-based edible coating improves postharvest quality and storability of strawberry fruits. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 189: 160-169.
Saleem, M.S., Ejaz, S., Anjum, M.A. Nawaz, A., Naz, S., Hussain, S., Ali, S. and Canan, İ. (2020). Postharvest application of gum arabic edible coating delays ripening and maintains quality of persimmon fruits during storage. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 44(8):14583.
Sangsuwan, J., Pongsapakworawat, T., Bangmo, P. and Sutthasupa, S. (2016). Effect of chitosan beads incorporated with lavender or red thyme essential oils in inhibiting Botrytis cinerea and their application in strawberry packaging system. LWT. 74: 14-20.
Serrano, M., Valverde, J.M., Guillén, F., Castillo, S., Martínez-Romero, D. and Valero, D. (2006). Use of Aloe vera gel coating preserves the functional properties of table grapes. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 54(11): 3882-3886.
Shafiee, M., Taghavi, T.S. and Babalar, M. (2010). Addition of salicylic acid to nutrient solution combined with postharvest treatments (hot water, salicylic acid, and calcium dipping) improved postharvest fruit quality of strawberry. Scientia horticulturae. 124 (1): 40-45.
Shah, S. and Hashmi, M.S. (2020). Chitosan–aloe vera gel coating delays postharvest decay of mango fruit. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 61(2): 279-289.
Sogvar, O.B., Saba, M.K. and Emamifar, A. (2016). Aloe vera and ascorbic acid coatings maintain postharvest quality and reduce microbial load of strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 114: 29-35.
Sun, D., Liang, G., Xie, J., Lei, X. and Mo, Y. (2010). Improved preservation effects of litchi fruit by combining chitosan coating with ascorbic acid treatment during postharvest storage. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9 (22): 3272-3279.
Underhill, S.J. and Simons, D.H. (1993). Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp desiccation and the importance of postharvest micro-cracking. Scientia Horticulturae. 54 (4): 287-294.
Valero, D. and Serrano, M. (2010). Postharvest biology and technology for preserving fruit quality. CRC press.
Valverde, J.M., Valero, D., Martínez-Romero, D., Guillén, F., Castillo, S. and Serrano, M. (2005). Novel edible coating based on Aloe vera gel to maintain table grape quality and safety. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 53 (20): 7807-7813.
Velickova, E., Winkelhausen, E., Kuzmanova, S., Alves, V. D. and Moldão-Martins, M. (2013). Impact of chitosan-beeswax edible coatings on the quality of fresh strawberries (Fragaria ananassa cv Camarosa) under commercial storage conditions. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 52(2): 80-92.
Xu, J., Tao, N., Liu, Q. and Deng, X. (2006). Presence of diverse ratios of lycopene/β-carotene in five pink or red-fleshed citrus cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae. 108 (2): 181-184.
Yoon, Y.S., Kim, J.K., Lee, K.C., Eun, J.B. and Park, J.H. (2020). Effects of electron‐beam irradiation on postharvest strawberry quality. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 44 (9): 14665.
Zhao, Y., Zhu, X., Hou, Y., Wang, X. and Li, X. (2019). Effects of nitric oxide fumigation treatment on retarding cell wall degradation and delaying softening of winter jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) fruit during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 156: 110954.