اثر باکتری¬های ریزوسفرمحرک رشد گیاه بر صفات آگروفیزیولوژیک ارقام گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L) تحت شرايط ديم در منطقه ایلام
محورهای موضوعی : زراعت و اصلاح نباتاترحیم ناصری 1 * , امیر میرزایی 2
1 - گروه تکنولوژی تولیدات گیاهی، آموزشکده فنیمهندسی و کشاورزی دهلران، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 - بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران
کلید واژه: آزوسپریلیوم, تعرق, عملکرد دانه, فتوسنتز خالص, هدایت مزوفیلی ,
چکیده مقاله :
بهمنظور بررسي اثر باکتریهای افزاینده رشد گیاه بر عملکرد دانه و تبادلات گازی ارقام گلرنگ در شرایط ديم، آزمايش مزرعهاي به صورت فاکتوريل در قالب طرح بلوکهاي کامل تصادفي با سه تکرار در ايستگاه تحقيقات كشاورزي سرابله، استان ایلام در سال زراعي 1401-1400 اجرا شد. تيمارهاي آزمايشي شامل ارقام در چهار سطح (فرامان، گلدشت، سینا و امید) و عامل منابع مختلف كودي در شش سطح (شاهد، 50 درصد کود شیمیایی نیتروژن، باكتري ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ + 50 درصد كود شيميايي نیتروژن، باكتري آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم+ 50 درصد كود شيميايي نیتروژن، مخلوط باكتري ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ+ آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم +50 درصد كود شيميايي نیتروژن و 100 درصد کود شيميايي نیتروژن مورد نیاز) بودند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس دادهها عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و همچنین صفات فتوسنتزی تحت برهمکنش رقم× منابع مختلف کودی معنیدار شدند. برهمکنش تیمارها نشان داد که بيشترين تعداد غوزه در بوته، تعداد دانه در غوزه، وزن هزار دانه، عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بیولوژیک، سرعت فتوسنتز خالص، میزان تعرق، هدایت مزوفیلی و کارایی مصرف آب فتوسنتزی از گلرنگ رقم سینا ×باكتري آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم+ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ+50 درصد كود شيميايي نیتروژن بهدست آمد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کاربرد تلفیقی کود شیمیایی نیتروژن (به میزان 50 درصد کمتر) به همراه کود زیستی (ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ+ آزوﺳﭙﺮﯾﻠﯿﻮم) علاوه بر اینکه در شرایط دیم میتواند از هدر رفت کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و آلودگی محیط زیست جلوگیری گردد، میتواند باعث بهبود رشد و تولید گلرنگ رقم سینا میشود.
In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on grain yield and gas exchange, of dry land safflower cultivars, a factorial field experiment was counducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications on the farms of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center, Ilam during 2021-2022 cropping Season. Experimental treatments included different safflower cultivars (Faraman, Goldasht, Sina and Omid) and treatment of different fertilizer sources (without fertilizer source, 50% N fertilizer recommended, Azospirillum+50% N fertilizer recommended, Azetobacter+50% N fertilizer recommended, Azospirillum+Azetobacter+50% N fertilizer recommended and 100% N fertilizer recommended). The results of this study showed that interaction of cultivar × fertilizer sources were significant on yield, grain yield components as well as gas exchanges in safflower under dryland conditions. The highest head per plant, seed per head, 1000-grain weight, seed yield, biological yield, net photosynthesis, transpiration, mesophilic conductance and photosynthetic water use efficiency were obtained from the interaction of Sina cultivar× Azospirillum+Azetobacter+50% N fertilizer. The results of this research showed that the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer (50% less) along with biological fertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirillium) in addition to being able to avoid the wastage of nitrogen fertilizer and environmental pollution in dry land conditions, It can improve the growth and production of safflower cv. Sina.
Extended abstract
Introduction
Rainfed farming plays an important role in food production for many people in semi-arid countries and the world, and it covers 80 percent of all usable agricultural land. Given the increase in the world population in recent years and the increasing need of human societies, especially Iran, for oilseed products, proper agricultural management is of great importance to increase seed yield. Safflower, containing about 80 percent unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and oleic, has a desirable quality for food use. Safflower florets are also used in the food and dyeing industries. Safflower meal, with its high protein and fiber percentage, is also used as a source of protein for livestock and poultry feed. Currently, the use of biological fertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers has become very important to increase soil fertility in the sustainable production of crops. Biological fertilizers are beneficial soil microorganisms that have the ability to rapidly decompose plant residues to convert nutrients from a non-absorbable form to an absorbable form and improve soil fertility. Bacteria are among the soil microorganisms that are involved in the soil nutrient cycle and can improve plant growth and are known as plant growth promoting bacteria. Azotobacter and Azospirillum are among the microorganisms that are associated with the plant rhizosphere and have beneficial effects on plant growth. So far, extensive research has not been conducted on the role of microorganisms in reducing damage caused by drought stress and high temperatures in rainfed farming.
Materials and methods
In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on seed yield and gas exchange, of rainfed safflower cultivars, a factorial field experiment was counducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications on the farms of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center, Ilam during 2021-2022 cropping Season. Experimental treatments included different safflower cultivars (Faraman, Goldasht, Sina and Omid) and treatment of different fertilizer sources (without fertilizer source, 50% N fertilizer recommended, Azospirillum+50% N fertilizer recommended, Azotobacter +50% N fertilizer recommended, Azospirillum+ Azotobacter +50% N fertilizer recommended and 100% N fertilizer recommended). Each experimental plot consisted of eight planting lines with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 10 cm on the row (density of 40 plants.m-2) and a length of four meters. In this study, the distance between each replication was 2 meters and the distance.
Results and discussion
The results of this study showed that interaction of cultivar × fertilizer sources were significant on yield, seed yield components as well as gas exchanges in safflower under rainfed conditions. The highest head.plant-1, seed.head-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, net photosynthesis, transpiration, mesophilic conductance and photosynthetic water use efficiency were obtained from the interaction of Sina cultivar× Azospirillum+ Azotobacter +50% N fertilizer. The results of this research showed that the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer (50% less) along with biological fertilizer (Azotobacter + Azospirillium) in addition to being able to avoid the wastage of nitrogen fertilizer and environmental pollution in rainfed conditions, It can improve the growth and production of safflower cv. Sina.
Conclusion
In this study, all safflower cultivars used in the presence of Azotobacter and Azospirillium showed better growth, but Sina and Faraman cultivars in the presence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria showed higher seed yield, yield components, photosynthesis rate and photosynthetic water use efficiency than other cultivars. What is clear is that considering the many problems that the use of chemical fertilizers has for agricultural products and also due to the high purchase costs of these fertilizers, it seems that the use of plant growth promoting bacteria, in addition to significantly reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, increases seed yield and farmer income due to the guaranteed price of this product by the government.
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