اثرات مستقل و توام منطقه و مس بر خصوصیات مورفولوژی، محتوای کلروفیل و گیاه پالایی گیاه خرفه (Portulaca oleracea) (مطالعه موردی: مراتع معدن مس عسکری راور)
محورهای موضوعی : مورفوفیزیولوژیکی
منصوره تشکری زاده
1
*
,
الهام مهرابی گوهری
2
,
نرگس حاتمی
3
1 - عضو هیات علمی بخش جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی
2 - 2- عضو هیات علمی بخش خاک و آب، مرکز تحقيقات کشاورزی و منابع طبيعي کرمان، سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمان، ایران.
3 - عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: انتقال بیولوژیکی, تجمع زیستی, گیاهان دارویی, وزن خشک,
چکیده مقاله :
اصلاح خاکهای آلوده به فلزات سنگین با سطح آلودگی زیاد به یکی از مشکلات اساسی در جهان تبدیل شده است. گیاه پالایی، یکی از امیدوار کننده¬ترین روشهای اصلاح محسوب میشود که امروزه در سراسر جهان مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. عوامل محیطی نیز در میزان پالایش عناصر سنگین توسط گیاهان و استقرار انواع مختلف گونه¬های دارویی با قابلیتهای متفاوت نقش دارند. در مطالعه حاضر اثرات مستقل و توام منطقه (R1، R2، R3 و R4) و غلظتهای مختلف عنصر مس (شاهد، 50، 150، 300 و 400 میلی¬گرم بر کیلو¬گرم) بر طول و وزن خشک، محتوای کلروفیل، میزان جذب و توزیع عنصر مس، فاکتور های انتقال بیولوژیکی (TF) و تجمع زیستی (BAF) در ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه خرفه آزموده شد. بذر گیاه خرفه از چهار منطقه با غلظتهای 50، 150، 300 و 400 میلیگرم مس در کیلوگرم خاک از معدن مس عسکری راور در استان کرمان جمع¬آوری و در شرایط گلخانه کشت شد. مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که سطح بحرانی مس (میلیگرم در کیلوگرم) برای کاهش صفات مورفولوژی و محتوای کلروفیل در خرفه در مقایسه با رشد بهینه، غلظت 300 برای مناطق R1 و R2 و غلظت 400 برای مناطق R3 و R4 بود. گیاهان رشد یافته از بذور جمع¬آوری شده از مناطق R3 و R4 سطوح بالاتری از غلظت مس را توانستند تحمل کنند و صفات مورفولوژی و محتوای کلروفیل بیشتری را در غلظتهای بالای مس نشان دادند. فاکتور تجمع بیولوژیکی، در محدوده 6/1 تا 41/9 در ریشه و در محدوده 07/1 تا 8/6 در اندام هوایی و فاکتور انتقال بیولوژیکی در محدوده 56/0 تا 73/0 متغیر بود که این نتایج گیاه خرفه را به عنوان یک گیاه بیش انباشتگر و تثبیت کننده زیستی فلز مس در منطقه مورد مطالعه معرفی میکند.
Remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals has become one of the major problems in the world. Plant-remediation is one of the most promising breeding methods that has received attention all over the world today. Environmental factors also play a role in the degree of purification of heavy elements by plants and establishment of different types of medicinal species with different capabilities. In the present study, the independent and combined effects of the region (R1, R2, R3 and R4) and different concentrations of copper element (control, 50, 150, 300 and 400 mg/kg) on length and dry weight, chlorophyll content, the amount of absorption and distribution of copper element, biological transfer factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in roots and shoots of purslane was tested. Purslane seeds were collected from four regions with concentrations of 50, 150, 300 and 400 mg of copper per kilogram of soil from Askari Raver copper mine in Kerman province and cultivated under greenhouse conditions. The present study showed that the critical level of copper (mg/kg) for reducing morphological traits and chlorophyll content in purslane compared to optimal growth was 300 for R1 and R2 regions and 400 for R3 and R4 regions. Plants grown from seeds collected from R3 and R4 regions were able to tolerate higher levels of copper concentration and showed more morphological traits and chlorophyll content in high copper concentrations. The biological accumulation factor was in the range of 1.6 to 9.41 in the root and in the range of 1.07 to 6.8 in the shoot and the biological transfer factor was in the range of 0.56 to 0.73, which made the results of purslane plant as The title introduces a plant that accumulates and biostabilizes copper metal in the studied area.
Aggarwal, A., Sharma, I., Tripathi, B. N., Munjal, A. K., Baunthiyal, M., & Sharma, V. (2012). Metal toxicity and photosynthesis. Photosynthesis: Overviews on recent progress and future perspectives, 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45975-8_17
Alaoui-Sossé, B., Genet, P., Vinit-Dunand, F., Toussaint, M. L., Epron, D., & Badot, P. M. (2004). Effect of copper on growth in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) and its relationships with carbohydrate accumulation and changes in ion contents. Plant Science, 166(5), 1213-1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.12.032
Azizi, E., Rahbarian, R., & Mirbolook, A. (2016). Phytoremediation of Cr+ 6 in contaminated soil using Portulaca oleracea. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 30(2), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijsr.2016.106718
Chaney, R. L., Malik, M., Li, Y. M., Brown, S. L., Brewer, E. P., Angle, J. S., & Baker, A. J. (1997). Phytoremediation of soil metals. Current opinion in Biotechnology, 8(3), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669 (97)80004-3
Chen, J., Shafi, M., Li, S., Wang, Y., Wu, J., Ye, Z., ... & Liu, D. (2015). Copper induced oxidative stresses, antioxidant responses and phytoremediation potential of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Scientific reports, 5(1), 13554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065238
Cros, V., Martínez-Sánchez, J. J., Fernández, J. A., Conesa, E., Vicente, M. J., Franco, J. A., & Carreno, S. (2006, February). Salinity effects on germination and yield of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in a hydroponic floating system. In VIII International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climates: Advances in Soil and Soilless Cultivation under 747 (pp. 571-579). https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.747.74
Elleuch, A., Chaâbene, Z., Grubb, D. C., Drira, N., Mejdoub, H., & Khemakhem, B. (2013). Morphological and biochemical behavior of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) under copper stress. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 98, 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.028
Farooq, A., Nadeem, M., Abbas, G., Shabbir, A., Khalid, M. S., Javeed, H. M. R., ... & Akhtar, G. (2020). Cadmium partitioning, physiological and oxidative stress responses in marigold (Calendula calypso) grown on contaminated soil: Implications for phytoremediation. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 105, 270-276. Doi: 10.1007/s00128-020-02934-6
Gong, Q., Li, Z. H., Wang, L., Zhou, J. Y., Kang, Q., & Niu, D. D. (2021). Gibberellic acid application on biomass, oxidative stress response, and photosynthesis in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seedlings under copper stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(38), 53594-53604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13745-5
Habibi, H.; Mazaheri, D.; Majnoon Hosseini, N.; Chai Chi, M.R.; Fakhr Tabatabai, M. and Bigdley, M. (2006). Effect of altitude on essential oil and medicinal compounds of wild thyme (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss.) Taleghan region. Journal of research and construction in agriculture and horticulture (In Persian), 73: 2-10.
Lichtenthaler, H. K., & Wellburn, A. R. (1983). Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591
Lothe, A. G., Hansda, A., & Kumar, V. (2016). Phytoremediation of Copper‐Contaminated Soil Using Helianthus annuus, Brassica nigra, and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. A Pot Scale Study. Environmental Quality Management, 25(4), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21463
Masoodi, M. H., Ahmad, B., Mir, S. R., Zargar, B. A., & Tabasum, N. (2011). Portulaca oleracea L. a review. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 4(9), 3044-3048. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080353
Nagajyoti, P. C., Lee, K. D., & Sreekanth, T. V. M. (2010). Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Environmental chemistry letters, 8, 199-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8
Negi, S. (2018). Heavy metal accumulation in Portulaca oleracea Linn. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(3), 2978-2982. DOI: 10.15832/ankutbd.1346861
Peng, D., Shafi, M., Wang, Y., Li, S., Yan, W., Chen, J., & Ye, Liu. (2015). Effect of Zn stresses on physiology, growth, Zn accumulation, and chlorophyll of Phyllostachys pubescents. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 22(19), 14983–14992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4692-3 4692-3
Pinheiro, J. C., Marques, C. R., Pinto, G., Bouguerra, S., Mendo, S., Gomes, N. C., ... & Pereira, R. (2013). The performance of Fraxinus angustifolia as a helper for metal phytoremediation programs and its relation to the endophytic bacterial communities. Geoderma, 202, 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.03.014
Ramteke, S., Sahu, B. L., Dahariya, N. S., Patel, K. S., Blazhev, B., & Matini, L. (2016). Heavy metal contamination of vegetables. Journal of Environmental Protection, 7(7), 996-1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2016.77088
Reeves, R. D., Baker, A. J. M., Borhidi, A., & Berazain, R. (1999). Nickel hyperaccumulation in the serpentine flora of Cuba. Annals of Botany, 83(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1998.0786
Ren, S., & White, L. (2019). Genetic variation of copper stress tolerance and shoot copper accumulation in Purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Journal of Biotech Research, 10, 213-222. DOI: 10.15832/ankutbd.1346861
Salehi, A. (2019). Phytoremediation: A remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soils. Human & Environment, 49, 27-42. (In Persian with English abstract).
Sekabira, K., Oryem–Origa, H., Mutumba, G. B., & Basamba, T. A. (2011). Heavy metal phytoremediation by Commelina benghalensis (L) and Cynodon dactylon (L) growing in urban stream sediments. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12306/375
Shahriar Mahmud, S. M., Hassan, M. M., Moniruzzaman, M., Nirupam Biswas, N. B., Rahman, M. M., & Haque, M. E. (2013). Study on the accumulation of copper from soil by shoots and roots of some selective plant species. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.6.68-75
Sheldon, A. R., & Menzies, N. W. (2005). The effect of copper toxicity on the growth and root morphology of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Knuth.) in resin buffered solution culture. Plant and soil, 278, 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-8815-3
Talukder, K. H., Ahmed, I. U., Islam, M. S., Asaduzzaman, M., & Hossain, M. D. (2011). Incubation Studies on Exchangable Z n for Varying Levels of added Z n Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions in Grey Terrace Soils, Non Calcarious Floodplain Soils and Calcarious Floodplain Soils. Journal of science Foundation, 9(1-2), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.3329/JSF.V9I1-2.14643
Tang, H., Liu, Y., Gong, X., Zeng, G., Zheng, B., Wang, D. ... & Zeng, X. (2015). Effects of selenium and silicon on enhancing antioxidative capacity in ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.) Under cadmium stress. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 9999-10008. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4187-2
Tashakorizadeh, M., Vahabi, M. R., Golkar, P., & Mahdavian, K. (2022). The singular and combined effects of drought and copper stresses on the morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, essential oils yield and copper concentration of Fumaria parviflora Lam. Industrial Crops and Products, 177, 114517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114517
Thounaojam, T. C., Panda, P., Mazumdar, P., Kumar, D., Sharma, G. D., Sahoo, L., & Sanjib, P. (2012). Excess copper induced oxidative stress and response of antioxidants in rice. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 53, 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.006
Tu, C. (1992). Copper forms in purple soils and their toxicity to rice.
Verkleij, J. A. C., & Schat, H. (1990). Mechanisms of metal tolerance in higher plants. Heavy metal tolerance in plants: evolutionary aspects, 1990, 179-194.
Yang, S., Zhang, J., & Chen, L. (2021). Growth and physiological responses of Pennisetum sp. to cadmium stress under three different soils. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 14867-14881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11701-3
Yin, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Zeng, G., Hu, X., Hu, X., & Li, J. (2015). Cadmium accumulation and apoplastic and symplastic transport in Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich on cadmium-contaminated soil with the addition of EDTA or NTA. RSC Advances, 5(59), 47584-47591.
Yoon, J., Cao, X., Zhou, Q., & Ma, L. Q. (2006). Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the total environment, 368(2-3), 456-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.016
Zacchini, M., Pietrini, F., Scarascia Mugnozza, G., Iori, V., Pietrosanti, L., and Massacci, A., 2009. Metal tolerance, accumulation and translocation in poplar and willow clones treated with cadmium in hydroponics. Water Air Soil Pollut, 197(1-4), PP: 23-34.
Zargari, A. (1997). Medicinal Plants University of Tehran Press. Tehran (in Persian), 3, 80-8.
Zhang, D., Liu, X., Ma, J., Yang, H., Zhang, W., & Li, C. (2019). Genotypic differences and glutathione metabolism response in wheat exposed to copper. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 157, 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.06.032