تحلیل و نقد رویکردهای رقیب و اشکالات وارده بر تئوری «فقه نظام»
محورهای موضوعی : فقه
مجید نورزاد کوهساره
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.
)
حمید مسجدسرایی
2
(
دانشیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
)
کلید واژه: فقه حکومتی, شهید صدر(ره), فقه نظام, فقه اجتماعی, فقه سکولار, رویکردهای رقیب,
چکیده مقاله :
نظریه فقه نظامات اجتماعی برای اولین بار توسط شهید صدر(ره) در کتاب اقتصادنا تبلور یافته و به عنوان رویکردی جدید در تفقّه معرفی گردیده است که در آن مجتهد اسلامی، متفاوت از نگاه خرد و فردی، به فقه و مقوله ی اجتهاد، با یک نگاه سیستمی و مجموعی در پی تحلیل مسائل فقهی برآمده و در صدد استنباط نظامات اجتماعی از منابع دینی بر می آید؛ لذا همچنان که فقه فردی و متعارف، متکفّل بیان احکام و تکالیف فردی بوده و رسالت دینی شدن افعال و رفتار آحاد مکلّفان را بر عهده دارد، فقه نظام نیز - ضمن مستظهر بودن به بنای عقلا و منطقه الفراغ به عنوان یکی از عناصر اصلی این رویکرد - متکفّل استنباط احکام ساختارها و مناسبات حکومتی و اجتماعی در راستای اداره و مدیریّت دینی و الهی جامعه می باشد. بنابراین فقه نظام، یک رویکردی است حکومت ساز و اجتماع پرور و حاکمیّت آفرین در عرصه ی فقاهت و اجتهاد، که رقبایی را به همآوردخود می خواند و به ستیز با آنها می پردازد. فقه سکولار و فقه اجتماعی به عنوان دو رویکرد اصلی در مقابل رویکرد فقه نظام مطرح می باشند که این مقاله با تأکید بر بازخوانی این دیدگاه ها و طرح اشکالات وارده بر رویکرد فقه نظام و نقض آنها، به این نتیجه اصرار می ورزد که تمامی رویکردهای مقابل، مردود بوده و توان صف آرایی در برابر رویکرد ادّعایی را ندارند.
Firstly, the theory of "jurisprudence of social systems" was crystallized by Shahid Sadr in the book Iqtisaduna (Our Economics) and has been reported as a new approach in jurisprudence, in which the Islamic mujtahid, different from the micro and individual view, to jurisprudence and the category of ijtihad, with a systematic and comprehensive view seeks to analyze jurisprudential issues. He or she seeks to infer the "social systems" from religious sources. Therefore, as individual jurisprudence is responsible for expressing individual rules and duties and is responsible to religionize the actions and conduct of individuals in the jurisprudence of the system, while relying on the Rationalists' decision and the mantaghat-al-faragh. As one of the main elements of this approach, the jurisprudence of the system is responsible for infering the rules of governmental and social structures and relations in order to administer the religious and divine management of society. Therefore, the jurisprudence of the system is an approach that creates the government, society and sovereignty, and in the field of jurisprudence and ijtihad, it competes with its rivals."Secular jurisprudence" and "social jurisprudence" are considered as the two main approaches in front of the "jurisprudence of the system" approach. This article, by emphasizing the re-reading of these views and proposing the problems and disadvantages of the approach of the jurisprudence of the system in order to violate them, insists on the conclusion that all the opposite approaches are rejected and do not have the power to resist in front of the claimant approach.
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