جایگاه رشد جزایی در مسئولیت کیفری از منظر فقه امامیه و حقوق ایران
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق خصوصیامین فلاح 1 , حسن حاجی تبار فیروزجایی 2
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران.
کلید واژه: مسئولیت کیفری, بلوغ, رشد جزایی,
چکیده مقاله :
قانونگذار ایران در ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392، جهت اعمال مجازات حد و یا قصاص بر افراد بالغ زیر 18 سال، به طور ضمنی، احراز رشد جزایی مرتکب آن را لازم دانسته که این مهم موجب اختلاف در میان حقوقدانان و رویه قضایی شده است و معلوم نیست با رسیدن به سن بلوغ، اصل، رشد جزایی است یا اصل عدم رشد جزایی؟. نگارندگان، با استفاده از روش توصیفی - تحلیلی و کتابخانه ای و با هدف ارائه یک راه حل منطقی در این خصوص، ضمن بیان دیدگاه های گوناگون، به این نتیجه رسیدند که حکم مندرج در ماده 91 قانون مجازات اسلامی دارای سابقه شرعی و فقهی بوده و قانونگذار تحت عنوان رشد و کمال عقل یا درک ماهیت جرم انجام شده یا حرمت آن با پذیرش دیدگاه اقلیت فقهای متقدم و نیز نظر فقهای معاصر، به طور ضمنی مسأله رشد جزایی را در جرائم مستوجب حد یا قصاص ارتکابی توسط افراد بالغ زیر 18 سال پذیرفته است. همچنین، قانونگذار در این ماده قانونی اصل را بر عدم رشد درباره این افراد دانسته است.
In Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, Iran's legislator has implicitly considered it necessary to verify the criminal maturity of the perpetrator in order to impose the maximum punishment or retribution on adults under the age of 18 years, which has caused disagreements among jurists and judicial practice. and it is not clear that upon reaching the age of puberty, is the principle of penal growth or the principle of non-penal growth? The authors, using the descriptive-analytical and library method and with the aim of providing a logical solution in this regard, while expressing different views, came to the conclusion that the sentence contained in Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code has a Sharia precedent and He is a jurist and the legislator under the title of "growth and perfection of intellect or understanding the nature of the crime committed or its sanctity" by accepting the opinion of the minority of the ancient jurists as well as the opinion of the contemporary jurists, implicitly raised the issue of penal growth in crimes requiring hadd or retribution committed by adults. Under 18 accepted. Also, in this legal article, the legislator has considered the principle of non-attainment of growth for these people.
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