مسئولیت مدنی دارنده وسیلهنقلیه موتوری زمینی در حقوق ایران و آموزههای فقه اسلامی با نگرش تطبیقی در حقوق کامنلا
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق خصوصیمحمد صادق حافظی قهستانی 1 , شکراله نیکوند 2 , عبدالعلی محمدی 3
1 - دکتری حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ورامین –پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین-پیشوا، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ورامین –پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین-پیشوا، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد ورامین –پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین-پیشوا، ایران.
کلید واژه: دارنده, مسئولیت مدنی, مالک, وسایلنقلیه موتوری زمینی, راننده,
چکیده مقاله :
با پیدایش وسایلنقلیه، یکی از نیازهای ضروری بشر تامین و گام مهمی در زمینه تسریع حمل و نقل انسان و کالا، برداشته شده است. وسایلنقلیه، در کنار همه پیشرفتها، هنوز جایگاه ویژهای در حمل و نقل دارد؛ لیکن همواره خسارات ناشی از حوادث وسایلنقلیه و جبران آن، در کشورهای مختلف، مورد توجه است، به نحوی که آمار همه ساله خسارات اعلام شده ناشی از وسایلنقلیه، بیش از هر عامل دیگری است. بر همین اساس، لزوم وجود قواعدی که حقوق زیاندیده را به سهولت تضمین نماید، بیش از پیش، احساس میشود. در بروز خسارات ناشی از این حوادث، باید همواره مسئولیت مدنی دارنده، مطرح باشد. بر خلاف حقوق ایران که به نظر میرسد، به جز مقررات قانون بیمه اجباری 1395، مسئولیت مدنی دارنده، تابع قواعد عام مسئولیت مدنی است؛ در حقوق کشورهای کامنلا، مسئولیت دارنده به نحوی تعیین میشود، که خسارات ناشی از این وسایل تا جای ممکن جبران گردد. مقاله حاضر، علاوه بر بیان مفهوم دارنده و مسئولیت مدنی وی، در خصوص مبانی و موانع مسئولیت مدنی و تعیین شخص مسئول در قبال خسارات ناشی از این وسائل، با توجه به قوانین موضوعه کشورهای مورد تطبیق و ادله فقه اسلامی، به رشته تقریر، در خواهد آمد.
With emergence of vehicles, one of the essential needs of humankind was met and an important step was taken in the field of speeding up the transportation of people and goods. Along with all developments, the vehicle still has a special position in transportation, but at the same time, the damages caused by vehicle accidents and its compensation are always considered in different countries so that the annual statistics of damages caused by vehicles are more than any other factors. Accordingly, the necessity of having regulations that easily guarantee the rights of the victim is felt more than before. The civil liability of the owner is always raised in emergence of the damages caused by these incidents. Contrary to Iranian law, except for the provisions of the Compulsory Insurance Law approved in 2016 that seems the responsibility of the owner is subject to the general rules of civil liability, the responsibility of the owner is determined in the laws of the common law countries in such a way that the damages caused by vehicles are compensated as much as possible. In addition to expressing the concept of the owner and his/her civil responsibility, the present paper deals with foundations and obstacles of civil liability and determining the person responsible for the damages caused by these devices, according to the relevant laws of the applicable countries and the evidences of Islamic jurisprudence.
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