بررسی سن رشد در امور غیرمالی
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق خصوصی
علیرضا پور اسماعیلی
1
(عضو هیئت علمی و دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری)
محمد عابدی
2
(عضو هیئت علمی و استادیار گروه حقوق دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه فردسی مشهد)
کلید واژه: رشد, بلوغ, سفه, اماره رشد, امور غیر مالی,
چکیده مقاله :
اصلاح ماده 1210 قانون مدنی موجب شد تا سن رشد، از قانون مدنی حذف شود و بلوغ به جای سن رشد بنشیند. با صدور رای وحدت رویه شماره 30 مورخ 3/10/1364، در امور مالی افزون بر بلوغ، اثبات رشد نیز الزامی دانسته شد، در حالی که در امور غیرمالی، ظاهرا بلوغ کافی دانسته شد و دختر و پسر با رسیدن به سن بلوغ یعنی 9 و 15 سال می توانند در امور غیرمالی خود مانند تغییر نام خانوادگی و تحصیل مستقلا تصمیم گیری کنند. ادعایی که به دلیل آثار و پیامدهای جبران ناپذیر آن باید درصدد تحدیدش برآمد. افزون بر این در قانون مدنی، سنین مختلفی بیان شده است که لازم است در راستای قاعده مند ساختن آن چاره ای اندیشید و این نوشته به دنبال تبیین قاعده ای است تا نظم میان مواد قانون برقرار گردد و مصالح جامعه و افراد نیز در آن دیده شود. در این راستا معتقد است با لحاظ ماده واحده قانون راجع به رشد متعاملین اصولا سن 18 سال در امور غیر مالی نیز اماره رشد است.
After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, article 1210 of the Civil Code was amended and full and growth age, set at 18, was replaced by puberty age of 9 for girls and 15 for boys in lunar years of Islamic calendar. This amendment has resulted in conflict between regulations. The Supreme Court has attempted to solve this conflict and in its decision No. 30-23/12/1985, along with puberty, has required the confirmation of full growth age in financial matters. While in nonfinancial matters, puberty age alone has been considered sufficient, and girls or boys who reach the age of puberty, 9 and 15 respectively, can decide for themselves independently in nonfinancial matters such as their education and the change of their family names. This claim, due to its negative effects and consequences, must be restricted. Additionally, different ages have been referred to in civil law and attempts must be made to overcome such controversies. This paper attempts to introduce one single age as growth age in nonfinancial matters and seeks to harmonize the probable conflicts between regulations based on the benefits of the society and the individuals. It is concluded that, based on the single-clause article concerning growth age of the parties to a contract, 18 must also be considered as the presumption of growth in nonfinancial matters.
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