Changes in anatomical features, phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of certain Brassicaceae genera in different area of Iraq
Subject Areas : Anatomy
Mohamed Baqer Hussine Almosawi
1
*
,
Osama Ghazi Abaas
2
,
Heidar Meftahizade
3
1 - College of Education for Pure Science, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 88001, Iraq.
2 - College of Education for Pure Science, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 88001, Iraq
3 - Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University. Ardakan, Iran
Keywords: epidermal, Flavonoids, MIC assays, morphological attributes,
Abstract :
This study investigates the phytochemical composition, anatomical features, and antibacterial potential of methanolic leaf extracts of three Brassicaceae species, Diplotaxis harra, Eruca vesicaria, and Lepidium coronopus collected from similar desert habitats in southern Iraq's Salman region. Anatomical analysis revealed distinctive epidermal cell morphologies, anisocytic stomata, and non-glandular trichomes between the species. Phytochemical characterization identified the presence of alkaloids (1.02–1.76%), glycosides (0.42–0.64%), tannins (4.0–10.0%), and coumarins (0.03–0.10%) while saponins were not detected in any species. Flavonoids were observed in D. harra and E. vesicaria but not in L. coronopus. The extracts were assayed for antibacterial activities against five clinically relevant bacterial strains by well diffusion assay: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest antibacterial activity was demonstrated by the methanol extract of D. harra against S. aureus (17.0 mm), and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.3 mg/mL was recorded for L. coronopus against the same pathogen. The lowest activity was exhibited with the methanol extract of L. coronopus and D. harra against K. pneumoniae (6.5 mm and 6.6 mm, respectively), where MIC assays were 8.0 mg/mL and 16.0 mg/mL, respectively. These findings emphasize the therapeutic promise of Iraq Brassicaceae species, particularly D. harra, as natural sources of antibacterial compounds against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Also, this study recommends further isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds to harness their pharmaceutical applications.
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