Investigation of callus weight, total phenol, and total flavonoid contents in four different tissue types of Taxus baccata L.

Subject Areas : Plant Physiology

Raheleh Gorzi ¹ , Azizolla Kheiry ^{2 *} , Zahra Ghahremani ³ , Mohsen Sanikhani ⁴ , Bahman Hosseini ⁵

1 - Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan
2 - Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan
3 - Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan
4 - Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan
5 - Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia , Iran

Received: 2023-01-05 Accepted : 2024-03-21 Published : 2024-08-05

Keywords: Taxus baccata, Taxol, callus weight, total phenol, total flavonoids,

Abstract :

Taxus baccata belongs to the Taxaceae family. Taxol is one of the most important natural anti-cancer compounds in the world, which is obtained from different taxus species. But due to the very small concentrations of this drug in the plant, suitable alternative methods should be used to produce this drug from the plant. Plant tissue callus and cell culture can be one of the most effective methods for producing the anticancer drug Taxol. In this research, callus formation and phenolic and flavonoid compounds of four different types of Taxus baccata L. tissues (stem, leaf, shoot tip and leaf + node) were investigated. For the induction of callus, four types of explants were placed in Gemburg culture medium with 6 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 30 g/L sucrose. After 4 weeks, the fresh weight and dry weight of callus, total phenols, and total flavonoids were measured in four types of tissue. The results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight of callus belonged to the shoot tip tissue while the lowest fresh and dry weight of callus belonged to the leaf tissue. Also, the total phenol and flavonoid contents of the four tissues under study showed that the lowest values of total phenol and total flavonoid belonged to the shoot tip tissue and other tissues were not different from each other.

References:

Ahadi, H., Mirjalili, M.H., Farzaneh, M., shirshekan, M., and Ghassempour, A. 2013. Quantification of Taxol in wild mature and in vitro cell suspension cultures of Taxus baccata and Taxus berevifolia: A Comparatives study.2 nd National Congre on Medicinal Plants,Tehran, 1409 p.
Asgharzadeh, P., M. S. Sabet and A. Moieni. 2023. Enhancement of paclitaxel production by reduced cellular accumulation and alteration in expression pattern of key genes using multi-walled carbon nanotube in Taxus baccata L. cell suspension culture. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 47, 102550.
Caruso, M., A. Colombo, L. Fedeli, A. Pavesi, S. Quaroni, M. Saracchi and G. Ventrella. 2000. Isolation of endophytic fungi and actinomycetes taxane producers. Annals of microbiology, 50, (1) 3-14.
Christen, A., J. Bland and D. Gibson, 1989. Cell cultures as a means to produce taxol. Proc. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res, 1989, 30:566:
Delavar, K, 1998. Investigating the effect of different environmental factors on taxol concentration in whole plant and tissue culture of yew (Taxus baccata L.) Master thesis. Tarbiat Modares University
Çöçü, S., S. Uranbey, A. Ipek, K. Khawar, E. Sarihan, M. Kaya, I. Parmaksiz and S. Özcan. 2004. Adventitious shoot regeneration and micropropagation in Calendula officinalis L. Biologia Plantarum, 48, 449-451.
Escrich, A., D. Hidalgo, M. Bonfill, J. Palazon, R. Sanchez-Muñoz and E. Moyano. 2023. Polyploidy as a strategy to increase taxane production in yew cell cultures: Obtaining and characterizing a Taxus baccata tetraploid cell line. Plant Science, 334, 111776.
Gamborg, O. L. C., R. A. Miller and K. Ojima. 1968. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Experimental cell research, 50, (1) 151-158.
Ghorbanli, M. and K. Delavar,2001. Investigating the effect of type and concentration of sugars on taxol production rate in yew (Taxus baccata L.) tissue culture. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 32, Number 3 .583- page 575.
Guleria, S., A. Tiku, G. Singh, A. Koul, S. Gupta and S. Rana. 2013. In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic contents in methanol extracts from medicinal plants. Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology, 22, 9-15.
Imamura, Y., K. Takaoka, Y. Komori, M. Nagatomo and M. Inoue. 2023. Total Synthesis of Taxol Enabled by Inter‐and Intramolecular Radical Coupling Reactions. Angewandte Chemie, 135, (10) e202219114.
Kajani, A. A., M. R. Mofid, K. Abolfazli and S. a. H. Tafreshi. 2010. Encapsulated activated charcoal as a potent agent for improving taxane synthesis and recovery from cultures. Biotechnology and applied biochemistry, 56, (2) 71-76.
Liu, Y., F. Zhao, Q. Wang, Q. Zhao, G. Hou and Q. Meng. 2023. Current perspectives on paclitaxel: Focus on its production, delivery and combination therapy. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 23, (18) 1780-1796.
M Pirali, H. 2005. [Review on yew tree [taxus spp.]].
Mihaljevic, S., I. Bjedov, M. Kovac, D. L. Levanic and S. Jelaska. 2002. Effect of Explant Sources and Growth Regulators on in vitro Callus Growth of Taxus baccata L. Washingtonii. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 40, (4) 299-304.
Milutinović, M. G., M. S. Stanković, D. M. Cvetković, M. D. Topuzović, V. B. Mihailović and S. D. Marković. 2015. Antioxidant and anticancer properties of leaves and seed cones from European yew (Taxus baccata L.). Archives of Biological Sciences, 67, (2) 525-534.
Mohamed, N. Z., L. Shaban, S. Safan and A. S. El-Sayed. 2023. Physiological and metabolic traits of Taxol biosynthesis of endophytic fungi inhabiting plants: plant-microbial crosstalk, and epigenetic regulators. Microbiological Research, 272, 127385.
Nicolaou, K., R. K. Guy and P. Potier. 1996. Taxoids: new weapons against cancer. Scientific American, 274, (6) 94-98.
Norani, M., A. Crawford, A. Aliahmadi and M. Ayyari. 2023. Evaluation of Tussilago farfara L. Smoke by GC/MS: A Phytochemical Approach to a Traditional Medicine. Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops, 3, (1) 14-22.
Omidi, M., S. B. Behjat, M. Naghavi, J. S. Kalate and A. Etminan. 2011. Effect of growth regulators, medium and explant on callus induction in Taxus baccata L.
Ozyigit, I. I., I. Dogan, A. Hocaoglu-Ozyigit, B. Yalcin, A. Erdogan, I. E. Yalcin, E. Cabi and Y. Kaya. 2023. Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1132555.
Perak Junaković, E., K. Šandor, A. Vujnović, N. Oršolić, M. Andričić, I. Žarković, K. Vretenar Špigelski, D. Fajdić, S. Sinković and S. Terzić. 2023. Spectrophotometric determination of the main polyphenol groups in propolis samples from different regions of Croatia. Veterinarski arhiv, 93, (2) 257-270.
Rahmati, Z., V. Payam Nour, K. Ghasemi Bazdi and P. Ebrahimi. 2017. Compare production of taxol in natural tissues of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus berevifolia Nutt. with in vitro condition. Journal of plant research (Iranian journal of biology), 30, (1) 99-109.
























Shahrajabian, M. H., Y. Kuang, H. Cui, L. Fu and W. Sun. 2023. Metabolic changes of active components of important medicinal plants on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine under different environmental stresses. Current Organic Chemistry, 27, (9) 782-806.
Tandoğan, M., H. B. Özel, F. T. Gözet and H. Şevik. 2023. Determining the taxol contents of yew tree populations in western Black Sea and Marmara regions and analyzing some forest stand characteristics. BioResources, 18, (2) 3496-3508.
Tomilova, S., E. Globa, E. Demidova and A. Nosov. 2023. Secondary metabolism in Taxus spp. plant cell culture in vitro. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 70, (3) 23.
Zhang, Y., L. Wiese, H. Fang, S. Alseekh, L. P. De Souza, F. Scossa, J. J. Molloy, M. Christmann and A. R. Fernie. 2023. Synthetic biology identifies the minimal gene set required for paclitaxel biosynthesis in a plant chassis. Molecular Plant, 16, (12) 1951-1961.
Zhao, J., X. Wang, H. Lin and Z. Lin. 2023. Hazelnut and its by-products: A comprehensive review of nutrition, phytochemical profile, extraction, bioactivities and applications. Food Chemistry, 413, 135576.