Effect of phosphorus stress on antioxidant enzyme activities in wheat seedlings (Triticum durum Desf.) under in vitro culture

Subject Areas : Stress Physiology

Naima Boukhalfa-Deraoui ¹ , Nasrine Salhi ² , Sabrina Bouchelaghem ³

1 - Laboratory of Saharan Bioressources, University of KasdiMerbah, Ouargla 30000; Algeria
2 - Laboratory of Saharan Bioressources, University of KasdiMerbah, Ouargla 30000; Algeria
3 - Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Pollution, University of El Tarf; El Tarf 36000; Algeria

Received: 2019-08-05 Accepted : 2019-08-05 Published : 2019-05-01

Keywords: Stress, phosphorus, durum wheat, GSH, GST,

Abstract :

The study investigates the role of root glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the response of hard wheat (Triticum durum Desf. variety Carioca) induced by different doses of phosphorus KH2PO4 and their relation to growth inhibition. Four doses were evaluated: control (0), 85, 170, and 340 mg/l. The experiment was carried out under in vitro culture conditions, during seven days. Results showed that P addition had a significant effect on growth parameters, root water content, and the amount of GSH and GST activity, but no significant changes were observed in chlorophyll contents. Treatment of seeds with KH2PO4 increased the GST activity from hard wheat roots and decreased GSH content. The GSH level in control was 2-fold greater than phosphorus 340 mg/l treatment. The highest induction of root GST activity compared to control was observed in 170 mg/l treatment. Phosphorus levels closely correlated with GSH (r²= -0.996***) and GST (r²= 0.991***).

References:

Anderson, M.E. 1985. 'Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples'. Methods in Enzymology, 113: 548-554.

Booth, L., V. Heppelthwaite and A. McGlinchy, 2000. 'The effect of environmental parameters on growth, cholinesterase activity and glutathione S-transferase activity in the earth worn (Apporectodea caliginosa). Biomarkers, 5(1): 45-55. 

Bouchelaghem, S., M.R. Djebbar and H. Berrabah, 2012. 'Induction of antioxidant enzyme system by a nitrogen fertilizer NPK in wheat Triticum durum.' Advances in Environmental Biology, 6 (1): 85-88.

Brown, D.H. and H. Whitehead, 1986. 'The effect of mercury on the physiology of Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. Journal of Bryology, 14(2): 367-374.

Çakmakçi, R., M. Erat, Ü. Erdogan and M.F. Dönmez, 2007. 'The influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on growth and enzyme activities in wheat and spinach plants'. Journal of Plant nutrition and Soil Science, 170 (2): 288-295.

Çakmakçi, R., M. Erat, B. Oral, Ü. Erdogan and F. Șahin, 2009. 'Enzyme activities and growth promotion of spinach by indole-3-acetic acid-producing rhizobacteria.' Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 84 (4): 375-380.

Chen, M., J. Li, X. Dai, Y. Sun and F. Chen, 2011. 'Effect of phosphorus and temperatures on chlorophyll a and cell sizes of Scendesmus obliquus and Microcystis aeruginosa'. Linology, 12 (2): 187-192.

Edwards, R., D.P. Dixon and V. Walbot. 2000. 'Plant glutathione S-transferases: enzymes with multiple functions in sickness and health'. Trends in Plant Science, 5: 193-198.

Habig, W.H., M.J. Pabst and W.B. Jakoby, 1974. 'Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation'. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249 (22): 7130-7139. 

Halusková, L., K. Valentovicová, J. Huttová, I. Mistrík and L. Tamás, 2009. 'Effect of abiotic stresses on glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activity in barley root tips'. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 1069-1074.

Hiscox, J.D. and G.F. Israelstam, 1979. A Method for extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Canadian Journal of Botany, 57, 1332-1334. 

Jiang, H.M., J.C. Yang and J.F. Zhang, 2007. 'Effects of external phosphorus on the cell ultrastructure and the chlorophyll content of maize under cadmium and zinc stress'. Environmental Pollution, 147 (3): 750-756.

KumarParida, A. and A. BandhuDas, 2005. 'Salt tolerance and salinity on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60 (3): 324-349.

Liu, S., Q.C. Wang, Y.L. Liu, Y.M. Tian, J. Sun and J. Xu, 2009. 'Effects of soil acidity on Pinus resinosa seedlings photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence'. Journal of Applied Ecology, 20 (12): 2905-2910.

Marrs, K.A. 1996. 'The functions and regulation of glutathione S-transferases in plants'. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 47:127-158. 

Marrs, K.A. and V. Walbot, 1997. 'Expression and RNA splicing of the maize glutathione S-transferase Bronze2 gene is regulated by cadmium and other stresses'. Plant Physiology, 113:93-102.

Mittova, V., F. Theodoulou, G. Kiddle,  L. Gómez, M. Volokita,  M. Tal,  C.H. Foyer and M. Guy, 2003. 'Coordinate induction of glutathione biosynthesis and glutathione-metabolizing enzymes is correlated with salt tolerance in tomato'. FEBS Letters, 554 (3): 417-421.

Moons, A. 2003. 'Osgstu3 and osgtu4, encoding tau class glutathione S-transferases, are heavy metal- and hypoxic stress-induced and differentially salt stress responsive in rice roots'. FEBS Letters, 553: 427-432.

Murashige, T. and S. Skooge, 1962. 'A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures'.Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473-497.

Rao, D.N. and B.F. Le blanc, 1965. 'Effects of sulfur dioxide on the Lichens algae, with special reference to chlorophyll'. Bryologist, 69: 69-75.

Singh, M., V.P. Singh and S.M. Prassad, 2016. 'Responses of photosynthesis, nitrogen and proline metabolism to salinity stress in Solanum lycopersicum under different levels of nitrogen supplementation'. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 109: 72-83.

Wang, M., S. Shi, F. Lin, Z. Hao, P. Jiang and G. Dai, 2012. 'Effects of soil water and nitrogen on growth and photosynthetic response of Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) seedlings in northeastern China'. PLoS One, 7(2):e30754.

Wu, C., Z. Wang, Z. Fan and H. Sun, 2004a. 'Effects of nitrogen stress on nutrient uptake by Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings and their biomass distribution'. Journal of Applied Ecology, 15 (11): 2034-2038.

Wu, C., Z. Fan and Z. Wang, 2004b. 'Effect of phosphorus stress on chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and biomass partitioning pattern of Fraxinus mandchurica seedlings'. Journal of Applied Ecology, 15 (6): 935-940.

Xu, S. G., J. H. Wang and L. J. Bao, 2006. 'Effect of water stress on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat'. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 34:  5784-5787.

Zhao, Y.Y., F. Yan, L.P. Hu, X.T. Zhou and Z.R. Zou, 2014. 'Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid on photosynthetic characteristics of tomato seedlings under NaCl stress'. Journal of Applied Ecology, 25 (10): 2919-2926.

Zhang, C. and Y. GE, 2008. 'Response of glutathione S-transferase in rice seedlings exposed to cadmium stress'. Rice Science, 15 (1): 73-76.

Zhang, J., Y. Wang, P. Wang, Q. Zhang, C. Yan, F. Yu, J. Yi and L. Fang, 2017. 'Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on root activity and chlorophyll content in leaves of Brassica oleracea seedlings grown in vegetable nursery substrate'. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology, 58: 5-11.