Composition Of The Centaurea Hyracanica Bornm. Essential Oils In Different Parts Of Iran

Subject Areas : Phytochemistry

Fatemeh Askari ¹ , Fatemeh Sefidkon ² , Mehdi Mirza ³

1 - Research Division of Medicinal Plants, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
2 - Research Division of Medicinal Plants, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
3 - Medicinal Plants and by Products Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

Received: 2020-11-02 Accepted : 2023-02-28 Published : 2023-01-01

Keywords: inflorescence, Caryophyllene oxide, stem plus the leaf, cis-pinane, spathulenol,

Abstract :

Centaurea hyrcanica is a kind of wheat flower. It is distributed in North and North-East of Iran. This study aimed to determine chemical composition of essential oil of C. hyrcanica for food supply, cosmetics-health industry and medicinal uses. The plant parts of C. hyrcanica were collected at flowering stage from four localities in Mazandaran, Tehran and Semnan Provinces in May and June 2016. The plant parts including of stem plus the leaf [SL], inflorescence IF and root R were dried and crushed in laboratory. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography –mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The essential oils yield of stem plus the leaf, inflorescence and root (w/w dried weight) from different localities varied in range of 0.03-0.14%, 0.03-0.28% and 0.02 -0.77%, respectively. The major constituents of essential oils obtained from different parts of C. hyrcanica populations were caryophyllene oxide (13.6-44.8%) and spathulenol (3.6-16.9%). The major constituent of only root essential oils was found cis-pinane (9.1%-24.2%). Ethyl tetradecanoate (≤18.8%) as a major constituent in different populations of C. hyrcanica except Pol sefid samples. 1-Hexadecene, -eudesmol, -eudesmol and borneol were major compounds in essential oils of Pol sefid samples. Results of this study suggest that growing of C. hyrcanica in highlands condition is rich in essential oil and aroma profile, therefore growing and cultivation of these plants in cold regions is appropriate for producing high economic amount of extracted essential oil and aroma profile for therapeutic uses and food technologists.

References:

Adams R.P., 2017. Identification of Essential Oils by Ion Trap Mass Spectroscopy. Academic Press;. p. 10-29.

Askari F. and M. Mirza. 2013. 'Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Different Species of Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. From different places'. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,29 (2): 476-485.

Askari F., V. Mozaffarian and E. Parsa 2014.'Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Different Species of Centaurea zuvandica (Sosn.)Sosn.  From different places'. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 30 (2): 322-331.

Askari F., M. Mirza, M. Najafpor Navaei and S. H. Ahmadi. 2018. 'Chemical Composition of Centaurea urvillei subsp. Deinacantha and Centaurea pterocaula Trautv. essential oil'. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 33(6): 1003-1016.  

Azadi B. and E. Nouri. 2014. 'The essential oil composition of Centaurea intricata Boiss. Flowering aerial parts'.  Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2014; 4 (32): 25-27.

British Pharmacopoeia (veterinary) 2017 (2014). London: Stationery Office.

Davies, N.W. 1990. Gas Chromatographic Retention Index Of Monoterpenes and  Sesquiterpenes On Methyl Silicon And Carbowax 20M Phases., Journal of Chromatography, 503: 1-24.

Djeddi S., M. Sokovic and H. Skaltsa. 2011. 'Analysis of the Essential Oils of Some Centaurea Species (Asteraceae) Growing Wild in Algeria and Greece and Investigation of their Antimicrobial Activities'. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 14 (6): 658-666.

Emami Bistgani, Z., S. A. Siadat, A. Bakhshandeh, A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti and M. Hashemi.  2017a. 'Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak'. Crop Journal, 5: 407-415.

Emami Bistgani, Z., S. A. Siadat, A. Bakhshandeh, A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti and M. Hashemi. 2017b. 'Morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of (Thymus daenensis Celak.) in response to deficit irrigation and chitosan application'. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39: 231.

Emami Bistgani Z. E., S. A. Siadat, A. Bakhshandeh, A.G. Pirbalouti M. Hashemi F Maggi and M. R. Morshedloo, 2018. 'Application of combined fertilizers improves biomass, essential oil yield, aroma profile, and antioxidant properties of Thymus daenensis Celak'. Industrial Crop and Products. 121: 434-440.

Erel S. B., B. Demirci, S. Demir, C. Karaalp, and K. H. C. Baser. 2013. 'Composition of the essential oils of Centaurea aphrodisea, C. polyclada, C. athoa, C. hyalolepis and C. iberica'.  Journal of Essential oil Research. 25 (2): 79-84.

Esmaeili, A., and E. Khodadadi. 2012. 'Volatile compounds of essential oil Centaurea behen L. grown in Iran'. Archives of Advances in Biosciences, 3(2): 8-11.

Ghahreman, A. 2012. Flora of Iran. A Joint Project by the Research Institute of Forests and Ranglans & Tehran University. No.412, Code 124, 092.007;

Hilpold, A., N. Garcia-Jacas, R. and A.Vilatersana Susanna. 2014. 'Taxonomical and nomenclature notes on Centaurea: A proposal of classification, a description of new sections and subsections, and a species list of the redefined section centaurea'. Collectanea Botanica, 33: e001; Jemia, M. B., F. Senatore, M. Bruno and S. Bancheva. 2015. 'Components from the Essential oil of Centaurea aeolica Guss. and C. diluta Aiton from Sicily, Italy'. Records of Natural Products, 9 (4): 580-585.

Mozaffarian, V. A, F. Ghahremaninejad, S. Narimisa, E. Jafari, SH. Kazampor Osaloo, E. Lotfi and M. Assadi. 2018.  Flora of Iran, Asteraceae (No. 144). Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands press.

Novakovic J., N. Rajcevic, S. Milanovici, P. Marin and P. Janackovic. 2016. 'Essential Oil Composition of Centaurea atropurpurea and C. orientalis Inflorescences from the Central Balkans. Ecological Significance and Taxonomic Implications'. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 13 (9): 1221-1229.

Novakovi´c, J., M., Mileti´c, N., Rajˇcevi´c, P., Marin, V., Matevski, P. Jana´ckovi´c, 2020. Essential Oil Composition of Centaurea finazzeri and C. rupestris from North Macedonia. Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2022, 15, 7.

Reda, E. H., Z. T. A. Shakour, A. M. El-Halawany, E.-S.A. El-Kashoury, K.A. Shams, T.A. Mohamed, I. Saleh, A.I. Elshamy, M.A.M. Atia, A. A. El-Beih, et al. 2021. Comparative Study on the Essential Oils from FiveWild Egyptian Centaurea Species: Effective Extraction Techniques, Antimicrobial Activity and In-SilicoAnalyses. Antibiotics  10, 252

Polatoglu, K., A. Sen, G. Bulut, L. Bitis, N. Goren, 2014a. 'Essential Oil Composition of Centaurea kilaea Boiss. and C. cuneifolia Sm. from Turkey'. Natural Volatiles and Essential oils, 1 (1): 55-59.

Polatoglu, K., A. Sen, G. Bulut, L. Bitis and N. Garen. 2014b. 'Essential oil composition of Centaurea stenolepis Kerner. From Turkey'. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17 (6): 1268-1278.

Shibamoto T., 1987. Retention indices in essential oil analysis: In: Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Sandra, P and Bicchi C, (Eds.). Dr. Alfred Huethig Verlag, New York; pp. 259-274.

Yaglioglu, A. and  I. Demirtas. 2015. 'Comparative Essential Oil Composition of Flowers, Leaves, and Stems of Centaurea polypodiifolia var. polypodiifolia'. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 51 (5): 982-984.

Zengin, G., A. Aktumsek, M. Bogu, R. Ceylan and S. Uysal. 2016. 'Essential oil Composition of an Uninvestigated Centaurea Species from Turkey: Centaurea patula DC'. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 19 (2): 485-491.