Comparison of two method of essential oil extraction: microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and hydrodistillation methods from Stachys lavandulifolia (Chai-E-Koohi)
Subject Areas :
1 - Department of Chemistry, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran.
Keywords: Essential oil, GC-MS, MWHD, Stachys lavandulifolia,
Abstract :
The essential oils isolated from aerial parts of Stachys lavandulifolia by hydrodistillation (HD), and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD) techniques, were analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS methods. The oil extracted by MWHD method contained 12 com- pounds with a yield of 0.12% (w/w), representing 77.78% of the total oil. 12 compounds were identified in the volatilesfrom the aerial parts of S. lavandulifolia by HD method comprising 37.9% of the total oil in 0.12% (w/w) yield. The main components of the water distilled oil were found to Phenyl glyoxime (12.84 %), Isopulegone (7.17%), p-Mentha-2,4,(8)-diene (5.67%) while the oil extracted by MWHD method was mainly composed of dihydro indol-4- ol-2-one,5,7-dibromo-3,3-dimethyl(34.03), Benzene, (1-methyl-2-propenyl- 3-ol) (21.52%) and 7-hydroxy-bicyclo [3.3.1] non-2-en-9-one (7.55%).Also the anticlerical activities of the oils were compared by using MIC method.
[1] R. Piccaglia, M. Marotti; Characterization of Some Italian Types of Wild Stachys lavandulifolia J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 239-244 (2001).
[2] H. Ozbek, S. Ugras, H. Dulger, I. Bayram, I. Tuncer, G. Ozturk; Hepatoprotective effect of Stachys lavandulifolia essential oil. Fitoterapia, 74, 317-319 (2003).
[3] J. E. F. Reynolds; Essential Oils and Aromatic Carminatives, Martindale-The Extra. Pharmacopeia, 670-676 (1982).
[4] E. Choi, J. Hwang; Anti-inflammatory analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Stachys lavandulifolia. Fitoterapia, 75, 557-565 (2004).
[5] P. Anand, A. Kunnumakara, C. Sundaram, K. Harikumar, S. Tharakan, O. Lai, B. Sung,
B. Aggarwal; Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharmaceut. Res., 25, 2097-2116 (2008).
[6] R. V. Babu, C. Kim, S. Kim, C. Ahn, Y. I. Lee; Development of semi interpenetrating carbohydrate polymeric hydrogels embedded silver nanoparticles and its facile studies on E. Coli. Carbohydr. Polym., 81, 196-202 (2010).
[7] J. Liu, J. G. Luo, H. Ye, Y. Sun, Z. X. Lu, X. X. Zeng; Medium optimization and structural characterization of exopolysaccharides from endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3. Carbohydr. Polym., 79, 206-213 (2010).
[8] W. Sajomsang, P. Gonil, S. Tantayanon; Antibacterial activity of quaternary ammonium chitosan containing mono or disaccharide moieties: Preparation and characterization. Int. J. Biol. Macro molecules, 44, 419-427 (2009).
[9] L. Renjie, L. Zhenhong, S. Shidi; GC-MS analysis of Stachys lavandulifolia essential oil and its effect on microbiology growth in rats intestine. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 4, 1319-1323 (2010).
[10] M. M. Ozcan, J. C. Chalchat, D. Arslan, A. Ate, A. Unver; Comparative essential oil composition and antifungal effect of bitter Stachys lavandulifolia oils obtained during different vegetation. J. Med. Food, 9, 552-561 (2006).
[11] B. Singh, R. K. Kale; Chemo modulatory action of Stachys lavandulifolia on skin and forestomach papillom agenesis, enzymes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant status in murine model system. Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 3842-3850 (2008).
[12] I. Telci, O. G. Toncer, Sahbaz, N. Yield; Essential oil content and composition of Coriandrum sativum cultivars (var. lavandulifolia Alef. and var. micro carpum DC.) grown in two different locations. J. Essent. Oil Res., 18, 189-193 (2006).
[13] E. B. Fuente, A. Gil, A. E. Lenardis, M. L. Pereira, S. A. Suarez, C.M.Ghersa,M.Y.Grass; Response of winter crops differing in grain yield and essential oil production to some agronomic practices and environmental gradient in the Rolling Pampa. Argentina. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 99, 59-169 (2003).
[14] M. E. Lucchesi, J. Smadja, S. Bradshaw, W. Louw,
F. Chemat; Solvent free microwave extraction of Elletaria cardamomumL.:Amultivariate study of a new technique for the extraction of essential oil. J. Food Eng., 79, 1079-1086 (2007).
[15] M. A. Ferhat, B. Y. Meklati, J. Smadja, F. Chemat; An improved microwave Clevenger apparatus for distillation of essential oils from orange peel. J. Chromatogr. A, 1112, 121-126 (2006).
[16] C. Deng, X. Xu, N. Yao, N. Li, X. Zhang; Rapid determination of essential oil compounds in Artemisia Selen gensis Turcz by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with microwave distillation and simultaneous solid-phase microextraction. Anal.Chim.Acta, 556, 289-294 (2006).
[17] Z. Wang, L. Ding, T. Li, X. Zhou, L. Wang, H. Zhang, L. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Liu, H. Wang, H. Zeng, H. He; Improved solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried Cuminum cyminum L. and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. J. Chromatogr. A, 1102, 11-17 (2006).
[18] F. Chemat, M. E. Lucchesi, J. Smadja, L. Favretto, G. Colnaghi, F. Visinoni; Microwave accelerated steam distillation of essential oil from lavender: A rapid, clean and environmentally friendly approach. Anal. Chim. Acta, 555, 157-160 (2006).
19] N. Tigrine-Kordjani, B. Y. Meklati, F. Chemat; Microwave dry distillation as a useful tool for extraction of edible essential oils. Int. J. Aromather., 16, 141- 147 (2006).
[20] M. E. Lucchesi, F. Chemat, J. Smadja; Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. J.Chromatogr.A, 1043, 323-327 (2004).
[21] M. Sisti, M. De Santi, D. Fraternale, P. Ninfali, V. Scoccianti, G.Brandi; Antifungal activity of Rubus ulmifolius Schott standardized in vitro culture. LWT, 41, 946-950 (2008).
[22] N. W. Davies; Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicon and Carbo wax 20 M phases. J. Chromatogr. A, 503, 1-24 (1990).
[23] L. Pelle, T. Jason, W. Bernard, W. Jacob; Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis, AReview. Tetrahedron, 57, 9225-9283 (2001).
[24] V. Nenad, M. Tanja, S. Slobodan, S. Slavica; Antimicrobial activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Tenvicum montanum, Complealternatmedic eCAM, 4, 17-20 (2007).
[25] D. E. Conner; Naturally occurring compounds. In: Antimicrobials in Foods Davidson P, Branen AL, Marcel Dekker publishing company New York. Daferea DJ Ziogas BN Polissiou MG (2003). The effect of plant essential oil on growth of Botryis cinerea, Fusarium sp and Clavibacter michiganesis ssp. Michigansis, Crop Prot., 22, 39-44 (1993).