The Architecture Aspect of Arise from Emmanuel Levinas' Philosophy Compared to Modern and Postmodern Architecture

Subject Areas : Architecture

Aliasghar  Malekafzali ¹ (Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Development, College of Arts and Architecture, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.)
Nahid  AminiSoudkolaei ² (M.Sc. S tudent, Department of Architecture and Urban Development, College of Arts and Architecture, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.)

Received: 2019-07-07 Accepted : 2019-12-14 Published : 2020-01-01

Keywords: architecture, Postmodern, modern, Levinas Philosophy,

Abstract :

The present-day architecture of the present era represents the emergence of ethical issues arisingfrom the ideas of the " Modern individual-oriented" and "Pos tmodern being oriented", such as the considerationof personal interes ts and the reduction of human relations. Therefore, the exis tence of such shortcomings requiresthe identification of an architecture that considers the individual and social morality of today's society based ontranscendental values, such as Emmanuel Levinas' "attention to the other" philosophy, agains t the above ideas. Theaim is to identify those architectural possibilities that, by providing the conditions for creating the moral relationsconsidered in Levinas philosophy, resis t some of the shortcomings of the ethical issues of modern and pos tmodernschools. In this research, Levinas' thoughts with Modern and Pos tmodern schools are discursive analysis throughthree dimensions of humanism, human rights, and ethics, as three points of reliance and position in them. Then,in the framework of these three criteria, modern and pos tmodern thoughts are traced in between the architecturalexpressions and by comparing these traces of the concepts with key concepts in Levinas' thought, also by utilizingthe sources of visual literacy and body theoretical foundations, identifies the architectural appearance of it.The result of the research shows that the architectural displays of Levinas' philosophy such as "impromptu","centricity", "Attention to Family Scale" and "Kush" can be considered as possibilities other than the possibilitiesof modern and pos tmodern architecture, to improve some of the shortcomings in highlighting transcendental moralvalues.

References:

Asghari, M. (2016). Husserl and Heidegger's Thought in the Levinas
Critique of the Plant. Asfar / Journal of the Philosophy of Religion,
Theology and Religious Studies, 2(4).

Bergo, B. (2011). Emmanuel Levinas, The Stanford Encyclopedia of
philosophy. San Francisco: Stanford University Press.

Boney, A. (2012), L'architecture modern. France: Larousse.

Cahoone, L. E. (1998). From Modernism to Postmodernism: An
Anthology. Massachusetts USA: Blackwell publishers.

Ching,F. (2006). Architecture: Form, Space and Order. (Z.gharagozlou, Trans.). Tehran: Tehran University Press.

Curtis, W. (2011). Modern Architecture Since 1900. (M.goudarzi,
Trans.). Tehran: Samt.

Davis, C. (2007). An Introduction to Levinas' Thoughts. (M. Olya,
Trans.). Tehran: The Institute of Philosophy and Philosophy of Iran.

Dondis, D. (2012). Basis of Visual Literacy. (M. Sepehr, Trans.).
Tehran: Soroush.

DeryaKahraman, A. (2015). Relationship of modernism,
postmodernism and reflections of it on education. In: Procedia - Social
and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier Ltd.

Garcia, J. (2003). Modern(is t) Moral Philosophy and Macintyrean
Critique. In: Alasdair MacIntyre, Contemporary Philosophy in Focus.
Cambridge University Press.

Ghobadian, V. (2007). Fundamentals and Concepts in Western
Contemporary Architecture. Tehran: Office of Cultural Research.

Gough, L. (2004). Humanism Well- Bing and Social Structures:
Relating the Universal and the Local. Global Social Policy, 4(3).

Grutter, K. (2004). Aesthetics in Architecture. (J.Oakzad, & A.
Homayoon, Trans.). Tehran: ShahidBeheshti University.

Hoteit, A. (2015). Deconstructivism: Translation From Philosophy
to Architecture. Canadian Social Science, 11(7).

Jamshidi, M. (2016). Levinas and Infinite, Phenomenology of
Ethical Experiences.

JavidiSabaghian, M. (2016). The latency of art; An overview of
the philosophy and ethics of Emmanuel Levinas and his arts on art.
Dramatic Literature and Visual Arts, No. 2.

Javid, M. (2007). Human Rights in the Postmodern Age, Criticism
of Philosophical Mastery in Understanding Subjective - Rights. Journal
of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, No. 3.

Jennath, A., J, N. (2016).Aes thetic judgment and visual impact
of architectural forms: a study of library buildings. In: Science and
Technology (ICETES t - 2015), Elsevier Ltd.

Khatami, M. (2001). Levinas and the Other. Letter of Culture, No.
42.

Kong, B. (2008). Levinas' Ethics of Caring: Implications and
Limits in Nursing. Elsevier- Asian Nursing Research, vol 10.
Levinas, E. (2014). Existence and Existents. (M. Olya, Trans).
Tehran: Qoqnoos Publishing.

Memarian, Gh, (2007). a tour on architecture theoretical
foundations. Tehran: SoroushDanesh.

Olya, M. (2016). Another discovery with Levinas. Tehran:
publication of Ney.

Poleshchuk,I. (2010). Heidegger and Levinas: Metaphysic, Outology and the Horizevof the other, The indo. Pacific journal of phenomenology, volume 10, Edition 2, October 2010.

Sarfatti, M. (1993). Behind the postmodern facade: architectural
change in late twentieth-century America. California, University of
California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, vol.23, Iss.3.

Williams, L. Sewpaul, V. (2007). Modernism, postmodernism
and global standards setting. Social Work Education The
International Journal, vol.23.Retrieved from: https://doi.
org/10.1080/0261547042000252280 .

Wisniewski, D. (2008). The Space of Communicativity: Levinas
and Architecture. Journal of Chinese Philosophy, Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6253.2008.00530.x .