Analyzing Rural People's Attitudes to Traditional Methods of Retaliation in Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Between Nomads and Villagers and The Required Cultural Extension and Education

Subject Areas : Agricultural Extension

Maryam Pourgholami Sedaghati ¹ , Batool Mehregan ^{2 *} , Seyed Alireza Hosseini ³

1 - PhD student, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Mahalat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahalat, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Mahallat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran.

Received: 2022-08-15 Accepted : 2022-09-23 Published : 2022-09-23

Keywords: Iran, Attitude, extension and education, ethnic conflicts, Nomads and Villagers,

Abstract :

The purpose of this research is to analyzing people's attitudes to traditional methods of retaliation in resolving ethnic conflicts between nomads and villagers and the required cultural extension and education, Iran through qualitative method. To achieve the objectives of the research, semi-structured interviews and brainstorming techniques were used to collect data, and triangulation was used to evaluate the validity of qualitative findings. In order to implement the qualitative method, three types of open, axial and selective coding were used. MAXqda12 software was used to analyze the collected data. Based on qualitative analysis, 21 initial codes with 257 repetitions with 12 sub-categories in 4 main categories of culture building in reducing conflicts, paying attention to religious traditions in solving ethnic conflicts, paying attention to the views and opinions of tribal elders and holding educational and extension courses in the development of participation and social and cultural interactions were identified. By considering the results of this research, cultural affairs planners can aim to reduce conflicts and the number of court cases.

References:

1. Adeoye, N. O. (2017). Land use conflict between farmers and herdsmen in parts of Kano, Yobe and Borno  States  of Nigeria : nomads  ’ viewpoints. Ghana  Journal of Geography,  9(1), 127–151.


2. Arjmandi, G., & Noroozi, A. (2010). Conflict Resolution among the Bakhtiaris of Izeh: Blood Feuds and Khon-bas. Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 1(1), 1-44.


3. Babiker,   (2002).  Roots of Conflict and  Traditional  Conflict  Transformation   Mechanisms, Kordofan, Darfur and Upper Nile. Khartoum.


4. Bello, M. F and Oravee, A. (2022). The Effects of Communal and Ethnic Conflicts on Rural Development in Tiv-Land, Benue State, Nigeria.


5. Corbin, J. and Strauss, A. (2014) Basics of Qualitative Research. 3rd Edition, Sage, Thousand Oaks.


6. Diez, T. (2005). Constructing the self and changing others: reconsidering “normative power Europe”’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies 33 (3), 613-36.


7. Gaye, S. B. (2018). Conflicts between farmers and herders against a backdrop of asymmetric threats in Mali and Burkina Faso, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Peace and Security Centre of Competence Sub-Saharan Africa Point E, boulevard de l’Est, Villa n°30 P.O. Box 15416 Dakar-Fann, Senegal.


8. Haydari Mokarar, H., & Hedayati Amin, K. (2014). The analysis of indigenous knowledge in conflict resolutions with emphasis the role of local trustee (case study: Bonjar rural district). Spatial Planning, 4(2), 17-36.


9. Helen, J. (2015). Conflicts between farmers and herders in north-western Mali. IIED and Mzumbe University.


10. Jerke, M. J. (2008). Addressing Deep-Rooted Conflict: Guidelines Harvested from the Glencree Centre  for  Peace  and  Reconciliation,  Republic  of    University of   Victoria.


11. Mbih, R. A. (2020). “The Politics of Farmer–Herder Conflicts and Alternative Conflict Management in Northwest Cameroon.” African Geographical Review, 39(4), 324-344.


12. Ofuoku, U., &  and Isife,  B.  I.  (2009).  Causes, effects  and resolution  of  farmers-  nomadic cattle herders conflict in Delta state, Nigeria. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 1(2), 047–054


13. Sojasi Qeidari, H and Esfaram, Y. (2017). Analysis of the Impact of Ethnic-Tribal Dispute on Rural Underdevelopment (Case Study: Bahmaei Sarhadi Sharghi District -Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad Province). Journal of Research Political Geography(PG), 2(3), 109-137.