Semen Quality, Fertility and Egg Hatchability in Local Turkey Toms Fed Moringa and Gongronema Leaf Powder Diets

Subject Areas : Camel

Y. Mercy ¹ , N.S. Rugu ² , C. Ezenwosu ³ , A.E. Onyimonyi ⁴ , N.W. Anizoba ⁵ , C.O. Osita ⁶ , C.M. Ugwu ⁷ , S.O.C. Ugwu ⁸ , N.S. Machebe ⁹ , H.M. Ndofor-Foleng ¹⁰ , R.C. Ezeokonkwo ¹¹

1 - National Biotechnology Development Agency, North Central Zonal Biotechnology Centre of Excellence, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
2 - National Biotechnology Development Agency, North Central Zonal Biotechnology Centre of Excellence, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
3 - Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
4 - Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
5 - Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
6 - Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
7 - Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
8 - Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
9 - Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
10 - Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
11 - Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Received: 2023-10-19 Accepted : 2023-02-05 Published : 2024-06-01

Keywords: egg-hatchability, Gongronema latifolium, Moringa oleifera, toms, turkey,

Abstract :

The study was conducted to determine the semen quality, fertility and egg hatchability in local Nigeria tur-key toms fed Moringa (MO) and Gongronema leaf (GL) powder diets. A total of 36 (10 weeks) local turkey toms (1.2-1.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 9 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 1 tom each in 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Also, 72 turkey hens at point of first lay (26 weeks) weighing 3.4-3.5 kg were allot-ted to 9 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 2 hens each. Treatments include: T1= basal diet (BD) only, T2= BD + 15 g MO + 0 g GL/kg, T3= BD + 30 g MO + 0 g GL/kg, T4= BD +15 g GL + 0 g MO/kg, T5= BD + 30 g GL + 0 g MO/kg, T6= BD + 15 g MO + 15 g GL/kg, T7= BD + 30 g MO +15 g GL/kg, T8= BD + 15 g MO + 30 g GL/kg and T9= BD + 30 g MO + 30 g GL/kg diet. In the main effect of Moringa and Gongronema leaf powder on semen quality, toms fed 30 g MO/kg had the highest (P<0.05) semen quality, while the toms fed 15 and 30 GL/kg had the least (P<0.05) semen quality. In the combined effect of Mor-inga and Gongronema, semen volume, sperm cell concentration and normal sperm cell values of toms on treatment C were the highest (P<0.05), while the toms on treatment C and E had the highest (P<0.05) value for progressive motility. Percentage of fertile and hatched eggs were higher (P<0.05) in 15 and 30 g MO/kg than in control, 15 and 30 g GL/kg. In combined effect of Moringa and Gongronema on % fertility and egg hatchability of tom’s semen, % hatchability caused by semen from toms on treatment C and E were higher (P<0.05) than in the other treatments. It was concluded that improved semen quality in turkey can be achieved using 30 g MO/kg and combination 30 g MO kg + 15 g GL/kg diet.

References:

Afolabi F.E., Peter S. and David C.B. (2008). Nutritional compo-sition of Gongronema latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina. Nutr. Food Sci. 38(2), 99-109.
Agarwal A., Nallella K.P., Allamaneni S.S. and Said T.M. (2004). Role of antioxidants in treatment of male infertility: An over-view of the literature. Reprod. BioMed. Online. 8(6), 616-627.
Agbo C.U., Baiyeri K.P. and Obi I.U. (2005). Indigenous knowl-edge and utilization of Gongronema latifolia benth: A case study of women in University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Bio-Res. J. 3(2), 66-69.
Aitken R.J. (2018). Not every sperm is sacred; a perspective on male infertility. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 17, 287-298.
Al husnan L.A. and Alkahtani M.D.F. (2016). Impact of Moringa aqueous extract on pathogenic bacteria and fungi in vitro. Ann. Agric. Sci. 61, 247-250.
Amaglo N.K., Bennett R.N., Lo Curto R.B., Rosa E.A.S., Lo Tur-co V., Giuffrid A., Lo Curto A., Crea F. and Timpo G.M. (2010). Profiling selected phytochemicals and nutrients in dif-ferent tissues of the multipurpose tree Moringa oleifera grown in Ghana. Food Chem. 122, 1047-1054.
Amen H.M.M. and Al-Daraji H.J. (2011). Effects of dietary sup-plementation with different levels of zinc on sperm egg pene-tration fertility traits of broiler breeder chicken. Pakistan J Nutr. 10, 1083-1088.
Anderson J. (2001). The semen of animals and its use for artificial insemination. Green-World Publishers, Lucknow, India.
Antai A.B., Ofem O.E., Ikpi D.E., Ukafia V. and Agiang E.A. (2009). Physiochemsistry and some haematological changes following oral administration of ethanolic root extract of Gon-glonema latifolium in rats. Nigerian J. Phyiol. Sci. 24(1), 79-83.
AOAC. (2006). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 18th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 19th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Atawodi S.E. (2005). Gongronema latifolium. African J. Biotech-nol. 4(2), 128-133.
Baker F.J., Silverton R.E. and Kilshaw D. (1985). Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology. Butterworth and Co. Ltd., London, United Kingdom.
Bakst M.R. and Cecil. H.C. (1997). Effect of modifications of semen diluent with cell culture serum replacements on fresh and stored turkey semen quality and hen fertility. Poult. Sci. 71, 754-764.
Bakst M.R. and Long J.A. (2010). Techniques for Semen Evalua-tion, Semen Storage, and Fertility Determination. St. Paul, Minnesota, the Midwest Poultry Federation, USA.
Bearden J.J., Fuguay J.W. and Willard S.T. (2004). Applied Ani-mal Reproduction. Mississipi State University. USA.
Ben Larbi M., M’hamdi N. and Haddad B. (2013). Indigenous chicken production systems in villages in the south of Tunisia. Livest. Res. Rural. Dev. 25(6), 99-110.
Bisht S., Faiq M., Tolahunase M and Dada R. (2017). Oxidative stress and male infertility. Nat. Rev Urol. 14, 470-85.
Bucak M.N., Tuncer P.B., Sarıözkan S., Başpınar N., Taşpınar M., Çoyan K., Bilgili A., Akalın P.P., Büyükleblebici S. and Ay-dos S. (2010). Effects of antioxidants on post-thawed bovine sperm and oxidative stress parameters: antioxidants protect DNA integrity against cryodamage. Cryobiology. 61, 248-253.
Conquer J.A., Martin J.B., Tummon I., Watson L. and Tekpetey F. (2000). Effect of DHA supplementation on DHA status and sperm motility in asthenozoospermic males. Lipids. 35, 149-154.
Devegowda G. (2009). Fertility and Hatchability the role of MOS. Int. Hatch. Pract. 18(7), 15-17.
Durape N.M. (2007). Phytochemical improve semen quality and fertility. World Poult. Sci. 23(6), 18-20.
Ebisch I.M., Peters W.H., Thomas C.M., Wetzels A.M., Peer P.G. and Steegers-Theunissen R.P. (2006). Homo-cysteine, glu-tathione and related thiols affect fertility pa-rameters in the (sub) fertile couple. Hum. Reprod. 21, 1725-1733.
Ekaluo U.B., Ikpeme E. and Udokpoh A. (2009). Sperm head abnormality and mutagenic effects of aspirin, paracetamol and caffeine containing analgesics in rats. Int. J. Toxicol. 7(1), 23-31.
Ekaluo U.B., Ikpeme E.V., Udensi O., Madunagu B.E, Markson A.A., Omosun G. and Umana E.J. (2011). Anti-fertility activ-ity of aqueous leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) in male Albino rats. World J. Med. Pharmaceut. Biol. Sci. 1(1), 1-5.
Ekundayo O. (1980). Constituents of Gongronema latifolium Benth Hook (Asclepiadaceae). Quart. J. Crude Drug. Res. 3, 127-129.
Ezeonwu V.U. and Dahiru D. (2013). Protective Effect of Bi-Herbal Formulation of Ocimum gratissimum and Gongronema latifolium aqueous leaf extracts on acetaminophen-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats. Am. J. Biochem. 3(1), 18-23.
Fatoba T.A., Faleyimu O.I. and Adebayo A.J. (2013). The effects of increasing aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on sperm production of Albino rats. Agrosearch. 13(1), 29-36.
Fouad A.M., Kasem H.A.K., Ruan D., Xia W., Chen W., Wang S. and Zheng C. (2020). Nutritional modulation in fertility in male poultry. Poult. Sci. 99, 5637-5646.
González-Burgos E., Ureña-Vacas I., Sánchez M. and Gómez-Serranillos M.P. (2021). Nutritional value of Moringa oleif-era lam. Leaf powder extracts and their neuroprotective ef-fects via antioxidative and mitochondrial regulation. Nutrients. 13(7), 2203-2211.
Hansen J.C. and Deguchi Y. (1996). Selenium and fertility in animals and man – a review. Acta Vet. Scand. 37, 19-30.
Hudson B.P. and Wilson J.L. (2013). Effects of dietary menhaden oil on fertility and sperm quality of broiler breeder males. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12, 341-347.
Ikpeme E.V., Udensi O., Ekaluo U.B. and Uyoh E.A. (2012). Ethnobotanical relevance of spice Plants (Parkia biglobossa and Gongronema latifolium): Indices for conservation and domestication. Nigerian J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res. 2(3), 3094-3102.
Kalamah M.A.A., El-Nady M.M., Abdou F.H. and Esa E.K. (2002). Effect of heat stress and vitamin C on some productive traits and physiological aspects in chickens. Minufiya Agric. Res. 27, 57-74.
Keith B.R. (2008). Fertility and embryonic mortality in breeders. In: Avian advice newsletter, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service, Arkansas, USA.
Kirk R.S. and Sawyer R. (1991). Pearson Food Composition a- -nd Analysis. Macmillan Publishers Company, United King-dom.
Machebe N.S., Ugwu S.O.C., Atu C.S. and Ndofor-Foleng H.M. (2013). Intake of some biological seeds and root extracts of plants. improves fertility and hatchability of turkey eggs. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 9, 538-542.
Macpherson J.W., Fiser P.S. and Reinhart B.S. (1977). The effect of caproic acid, handling technique and storage times on the fertility of fowl spermatozoa. Poult. Sci. 56, 1334-1344.
Mahfuz S. and Piao X.S. (2019). Application of Moringa (Mor-inga oleifera) as natural feed supplement in poultry diets. An-imals. 9, 1-9.
Mahmoud H.M.A. and Hazim J.A. (2011). Effect of dietary sup-plementation with different level of zinc on sperm egg pene-tration and fertility traits of broiler breeder chicken. Pakistan J. Nutr. 10(11), 1083-1088.
Manyeula F., Mlambo V., Marume U. and Sebola N.A. (2019). Nutrient digestibility, haemo-biochemical parameters and growth performance of an indigenous chicken strain fed ca-nola meal-containing diets. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 51, 2343-2350.
Modupe O., Livinus A.C. and Ifeanyi N.B. (2013). Semen quality characteristics and effect of mating ratio on reproductive performance of hubbard broiler breeders. J. Agric. Sci. 5(1), 154-169.
Mohan J., Tyagi P.K., Verma S.VS. and Moudgal R.P. (1997). Antifertility effect of Neem (Azadrichta indica) seed kernel meal in chickens. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 10, 609-613.
Moyo B., Masika P.J., Mar L.J., Hugo A. and Muchenje V. (2011). Nutritional characterization of Moringa (Mor-inga oleifera) leaves. African J. Biotechnol. 10(60), 925-935.
Mune M.A.M., Nyobe E.C., Bassogog C.B. and Minka S.R. (2016). A comparison on the nutritional quality of proteins from Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds. Cogent Food Agric. 2, 1-10.
Ngu G.T., Etchu K.A., Butswat I.S.R. and Woogeng I.N. (2014). Semen and microbial characteristics of two breeds of turkeys in an arid tropical environment of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Afri-can J. Microbiol. 8(21), 2174-2182.
Ngu G.T., Etchu K.A., Woogeng I.N. and Yongabi K.A. (2013). Evaluation of the fertility of turkey tom semen as influenced by breed type in Bauchi State-Nigeria. Int. J. Livest. Res. 3(3), 25-34.
Noirault J. and Brillard J.P. (1999). Effects of frequency of semen collection on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of semen in turkey breeder males. Poult. Sci. 78, 1034-1039.
Nwanjo H.U., Iroagba I.I., Nnatuanya I.N. and Eze N.A. (2006). Antifertility activity of dihydroartemisinin in male Albino rats. Int. J. Endocrinol. 4(1), 13-24.
Okonkwo W.I. and Akubuo C.O. (2007). Trombe wall system for poultry Brooding. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 6, 125-130.
Oyeyipo I.P., Obembe O.O., Oladokun O.O. and Raji Y. (2014). Sperm function and fertility profile following nicotine admini-stration in male rats: Protective potentials of Zingiber offici-nale. Int. J. Green Pharm. 8, 125-134.
Oyeyipo I.P., Raji Y., Emikpe B.O. and Bolarinwa A.F. (2011). Effects of nicotine on sperm characteristics and fertility profile in adult male rats: A possible role of cessation. J. Reprod. In-fertil. 12(3), 201-207.
Raji Y., Udoh U.S., Mewoyeka O.O., Ononye F.C. and Bolarinwa A.F. (2003). Implication of reproductive endocrine malfunc-tion in male antifertility efficacy Azadirachta indica extract in rats. African J. Med. Sci. 32, 159-165.
Saalu L.C., Osinubi A.A., Akinbami A.A., Yama O.E., Oyewopo A.O. and Enaibe B.U. (2011). Moringa oleifera lamarck (drumstick) leaf extract modulates the evidences of hydroxy-urea –induced testicular derangement. Int. J. Appl. Res. Natl. Prod. 4(2), 32-45.
Sebola N.A., Mlambo V. and Mokoboki H.K. (2017). Chemical characterisation of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves and the ap-parent digestibility of MO leaf meal-based diets offered to three chicken strains. Agroforest. Syst. 93, 149-160.
Sebola N.A., Mlambo V., Mokoboki H.K. and Muchenje V. (2015). Growth performance and carcass characteristics of three chicken strains in response to incremental levels of die-tary Moringa oleifera leaf meal. Livest. Sci. 178, 202-208.
Serrano and Pocsidio. (2008). Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Reproductive Organ Morphology and Sperm Pa-rameters in Male Mice. Unpub.
SPSS Inc. (2021). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 28.0. Chicago SPSS Inc., USA.
Sreelatha S. and Padma P.R. (2009). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of moringa oleifera leaves in two stages of maturity. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 64, 303-311.
Surai P.F., Sparks N.H.C. and Speake B.K. (2006). The role of antioxidants in reproduction and fertility of poultry. Pp. 416-417 in Proc. 12th European Poult. Conf., Verona, Italy.
Ugochukwu N.H. and Babady N.E. (2002). Antioxidant effects of Gongronema latifolium in hepatocytes of rat models of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Fitoterapia. 73, 612-618.
Ugonna E.V. (2013). Effects of Ocimum gratissimum and Gon-gronema latifolium on fertility parameters: A case for bi-herbal formulations. Standard Res. J. Med. Plants. 1(1), 1-5.
Upendra H.A., Mitra S.K. and Suryanayana T. (2000). Effect of speman vet powder on semen quality and hatchability in poul-try. Veterinarian. 24, 23-31.
Yusuf M. (2014). Semen quality and egg hatchability in local turkey fed diets containing Moringa oleifera and Gongronema latifolium leaf meal. MS Thesis. University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.