Metabolizable Energy and Chemical Composition of Poultry by-Product Meal
Subject Areas : CamelA. Zarei 1 , M. Mohammadi 2 , B. Hemmati 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Karai Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karai, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Karai Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karai, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Karai Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karai, Iran
Keywords: chemical composition, AME, AMEn, amino acid, poultry by-product meal (PBPM), TME, TMEn,
Abstract :
This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and metabolizable energy of poultry by-product meal (PBPM) from two slaughterhouses in Iran. Samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ash, ether extract and gross energy. The amounts of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, copper and Zinc were determined. The apparent metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) (AME), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (kcal/kg) (AMEn), true metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) (TME) and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (kcal/kg) (TMEn) were determined based on sibbald’s procedure. For this purpose, twelve 230-day old New Hampshire males were used. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) between kinds of metabolizable energies in samples. The standardized digestible amino acid content also determined. The highest and lowest amount belongs to leucine and tryptophan. Results from this study showed there is different between two samples of PBPM.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Azman, M.A. and Dalkilic B. (2006). The effect ofpoultry by-product mealon the performance of broiler chicks. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 83, 873-875.
Bhargava K.K. and O’Neil J.B. (1975). Composition and utilization of poultry by-product meal hydrolyzed feather meal in broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 54, 1511-1518.
Cassio X., Mendonca J.R. and Jensen L.E.O.S. (1989). Effect of formulating diets with different-assigned energy data for pult-ry by product meal on the performance and abdominal fat content of finishing broilers. Poult. Sci. 68, 1672-1677.
Cole D.J.A. and Haresign W. (1989). Recent Development in Poultry Nutrition. Butterworths, London.
Dale N. (1997). Metabolizable energy of meat and bone meal.J. Appl. Poult. Res. 6, 169-173.
Dozier W.A. (2000). Economically and ecologically sound poultry nutrition: how to manage dietary phosphorous in environmentally sensitive areas.Feed Manag. 51, 27-29.
Dozier W.A., Dale N.M. and Dove C.R. (2003). Nutrient composition of feed-grade and pet food-grade poultry by product meal. J. Appl. Poult. Res.12, 526-530.
Dozier W.A. and Dale N. (2005). Metabolizable energy of feed-grade nd pet food-grade poultry by product meals. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14, 349-351.
Geshlog M., Jonmohammadi H., Taghizadeh A. and Rafat A. (2010). Effects of poultry by-product meal on egg quality of laying hens. Pp.443-446 in Proc. 4th Cong. Anim. Sci., Iran.
Han Y. and Parsons C.M. (1990). Determination of available amino acid and energy in alfalfa meal feather meal and poultry by-product meal by various methods. Poult. Sci. 69(9), 1544-1552.
Hosseinzadeh M.H., Ebrahimnezhad Y., Janmohammadi H., Ahmadzadeh A.R. and Sarikhan M. (2010). Poultry by-product meal: influence on performance and egg quality traits of layers. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 12(4), 547-550.
Jafari M., Ebrahimnezhad Y., Hanmohammadi H., Nazeradl K. and Nemati M. (2011a). Evaluation of protein and energy quality of poultry by-product meal using poultry assays. African J. Agric. Res. 6(6), 1407-1412.
Jafari M. (2011b). Using PBPM in broiler chickens diet based on digestible amino acids.Ph D. Thesis. Islamic Azad Univ., Shabestar, Iran.
Janmohammadi H., Taghizadeh A., Moghadam G.A., Pirani N., Ostan S., Gheshlog M. and Sahreai M. (2009). Nutritive value of poultry by-product meal from Iran in broiler feeding. British Society of animal Science, Annal meeting. Annual Meeting, Southport, UK.
Kalvandi O., Janmohammadi H. and Sadeghi G. (2011). Determination of protein quality and true metabolizable energy of high oil poultry by-product meal. African J. Agric. Res. 6(6), 1983-1989.
Kristein D. (2005). Purchasing guide ling for meat and bone meal. http://national by- products.com/files/Mwpoultry3-15-05.pdf, Accessed Jan. 2006.
Johns D.C., Low C.K. and James K.A.C. (1986). Comparison of amino acid digestibility using the ileal digests from growing chickens and cannulated adult cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci. 28, 397-406.
Johnson M.L. and Parsons C.M. (1997). Effect of raw material source, ash content and assay length on protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio values for animal protein meals. Pout. Sci. 76, 1722-1727.
Mendez A. and Dale N. (1998). Rapid assay to estimate calcium and phosphorous in meat and bone meal. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 7, 309-312.
Najafabadi H.J., Moghaddam H.N., Pourreza J., Shahroudi F.E. and Golian A. (2007). Determination of chemical composition, mineral contents and protein quality of poultry by-product meal. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 6(12), 875-882.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Parsons C.M., Castsnon F. and Han Y. (1997). Protein and amino acid quality of meat and bone meal. Pout. Sci. 76, 361-368.
Pesti G.M., Faust L.O., Fuller H.L. and Dale N.M. (1986). Nutritive value of poultry by-product meal. Metabolizable energy values as influenced by method of determination and level of sub situation. Poult. Sci. 65, 2258-2267.
Ravindran V. and Bryden W.L. (1999). Amino acid availability in poultry in vitro and in vivo measurements. Australian J. Agric. Res. 50, 889-908.
Robbins D.H. and Firman J.D. (2006). Evaluation of the metabolizable energy of poultry by-product meal for chicken and turkeys by various methods. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5(8), 753-758.
Sahraei M., Ghanbari A. and Lotfollahian H. (2012). Effect of poultry by product meal on performance parameters, serum uric acid concentration and carcass characteristics. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 2(1), 73-77.
Samli E.H., senkoylu N., Ozduven L., Akyurek H. and Amgma A. (2006). Effect of poultry by-product meal on laying performance, egg quality and storage stability. Pakistan J. Nutr. 5(1), 06-09.
Sell J.L. and Jeffry J. (1996). Availability for poults of phosphorus from meat and bone meals of different particle sizes. Poult. Sci. 75, 232-239.
Senkoylu N., Samli H.E., Akyurek H., Agama A. and Yasar S. (2005). Performance and egg characteristics of laying hens fed diets incorporated with poultry by-product and feather meals. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14, 542-547.
Sibbald I.R. (1986). Metabolizable energy evaluation of poultry diets. Rec. Adv. Anim. Nutr. 30, 12-15.
SibbaldI.R. (1987). The effect of grinding on the true metabolizable energy value of hull-less barley. Poult. Sci. 61, 2509-2511.
Sibbald I.R. (1989). Estimation of bioavailable amino acids in feeding stuffs for poultry and pigs: a review with emphasis on balance experiments. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 67, 221-271.
Shirley R.B. and Parsons C.M. (2000). Effect of pressure processing on amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meal for poultry. Poult. Sci. 79, 1175-1181.
Shirley R.B. and Parsons C.M. (2001). Effect of ash content on protein quality of meat and bone meal. Poult. Sci. 80, 626-632.
SPSS Inc. (2011). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 20. Chicago SPSS Inc.
Waldroup P.W. and Adams M.H. (1994). Evaluation of the phosphorous provided by animal proteins in the diet of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 3, 209-216.
Waldroup P.W. (1999). Nutritional approaches to reducing phosphorus excretion by poultry. Poult. Sci. 78, 683-691.
Wang X. and Parsons C.M. (1998). Effect of raw material source, processing system and processing temperatures on amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meals. Poult. Sci. 77, 834-841.
Wolynetz M.S. and Sibbald I.R. (1984). Relationships between apparent and true metabolizable energy and the effects of a nitrogen correction.Poult. Sci. 63, 1386-1399.