Calculation of Inbreeding Depression Effects on Subclinical Mastitis Using Three Different Models
Subject Areas : Camelس. نقشینه 1 , س.ع. رافت 2 , غ.ع. مقدم 3 , م. ابراهیمی 4 , ج. شجاع 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: Prevalence, Milk, subclinical mastitis, inbreeding depression, Holstein cows,
Abstract :
Pedigree information of 3972 Holstein cows and bulls, from 1961 to 2008, was used to calculate inbreeding coefficients and their effects on production traits and subclinical mastitis of dairy farm cows inAzerbaijan province,Iran. Inbreeding was included in a linear mixed model as a class variable. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS by MIVQUE method. Results showed that average inbreeding coefficients were inferior in total population and inbred cows (0.8 and 1.3% in total population and inbred cows, respectively). Although the rate of inbreeding coefficients was low, inbreeding had decreasing effects (P<0.01) on milk, fat, and protein yields, while increasing effects (P<0.01) on prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Furthermore, animals with inbreeding coefficients between 0.59 to 1.11%showed a reduction in milk, fat, and protein yields by 2.4, 2 and 2%, respectively; whereas, animals with inbreeding coefficients between 1.11 and 1.75% showed a reduction in milk, fat, and protein yields by 2, 3.7 and 2.7%, respectively.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. 16th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Bezdicek J., ŠUbrt J. and FilipcÍK R. (2008). The effect of inbreeding on milk traits in Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic. J. Dairy Sci. 5, 415-425.
Boichard D. (2007). Pedig: a fortran package for pedigree analysis suited for large populations. Pp. 13-28 in Proc. 7th World Cong. Genet. Appl. Livest. Prod., Montpellier, France.
Croquet C., Mayeres P., Gillon A., Vanderick S. and Gengler N. (2006). Inbreeding depression for global and partial economic indexes, production, type and functional traits. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 2257-2267.
Falconer D.S., Mackay T.F.C. and Frankham R. (1996). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman Scientificand Technical, Harlow, UK.
Harmon R.J. (1994). Symposium: mastitis and genetic evaluation for somatic cell count. J. Dairy Sci. 77, 2103-2112.
Mc Parland S.M., Kearney J.F., Rath M. and Berry D.P. (2007). Inbreeding effects on milk production, calving performance, fertility, and conformation in IrishHolstein-Friesians. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 4411-4419.
Miglior F., Burnside E.B. and Dekkers J. (1995). Nonadditive genetic effects and inbreeding depression for somatic cell counts of Holstein cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 1168-1173.
Mrode R., Swanson G.J.T. and Paget M.F. (2004). Computing inbreeding coefficients and effects of inbreeding, heterocyst and recombination loss on evaluations for lifespan and somatic cell count in the UK. Interbull. 32, 109-112.
Nielsen C. (2009). Economic impact of mastitis in dairy cows. Ph D. Thesis. Uppsala Univ., Sweden.
Panetto J.C.C., Guttierrez J.P., Ferraz J.B.S., Cunha D.G. and Goldens B.L. (2010). Assessment of inbreeding depression in a Guzerat dairy herd: effects of individual increase in inbreeding coefficients on production and reproduction. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 4902-4912.
Pryce J.E. and Daetwyler H.D. (2012). Designing dairy cattle breeding schemes under genomic selection: a review. Int. Res. Anim. Prod. Sci. 52, 107-114.
Rahman M.A., Bhuiyan M.M.U., Kamal M.M. and Shamsuddin M. (2009). Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows. Bangladesh Vet. 26, 54-60.
Rao C.R. (1970). Estimation of heteroscedastic variances in linear models. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 65, 161-172.
Rao C.R. (1971a). Estimation of variance covariance components-MINQUE theory. J. Multivar. Anal. 1, 257-275.
Rao C.R. (1971b). Minimum variance quadratic estimation of variance components. J. Multivar. Anal. 1, 445-456.
Rao P.S.R.S. (1977). Theory of the MINQE: a review. Sankhya Sci. 39, 201-210.
SAS Institute. (2005). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Smith L.A., Cassell B.G. and Pearson R.E. (1998). The effects of inbreeding on the lifetime performance of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 2729-2737.
Sørensen A.C., Madsen P., Sørensen M.K. and Berg P. (2006). Udder health shows inbreeding depression in Danish Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 4077-4082.
Thompson J.R., Everett R.W. and Hammerschmidt N.L. (2000). Effects of inbreeding on production and survival in Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 1856-1864.
Van Tassell C.P., MisztalI. and Varona L. (2000). Method R estimates of additive genetic, dominance genetic and permanent environmental fraction of variance for yield and health traits of Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 1873-1877.
VanRaden P.M. (1992). Accounting for inbreeding and crossbreeding in genetic evaluation of large populations. J. Dairy Sci. 75, 3136-3144.
Wiggans G.R., VanRaden P.M. and Zuurbier J. (1995). Calculation and use of inbreeding coefficients for genetic evaluation of United States dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 1584-1590.