The Effect of Feeding Tribulus terrestris Plant Powder on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Rumen and Blood Parameters of Iranian Arabic Lambs

Subject Areas : Camel

S.A. Nikbakht ¹ , T. Mohammadabadi ² , K. Mirzadeh ³

1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran

Received: 2020-03-05 Accepted : 2020-05-16 Published : 2021-12-01

Keywords: digestibility, blood parameters, lamb, <i>Tribulus terrestris</i>,

Abstract :

The effect of feeding Tribulus terrestris plant powder on performance, digestibility, protozoa morphology, blood and rumen parameters in Iranian Arabic lambs were studied. Eighteen 3 months old Iranian Arabic male lambs with average weight of 16 (±2) kg were assigned to a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 6 replicates for 60 days. Experimental treatments were control ration and rations with 15 and 30 g Tribulus terrestris plant powder per kg dry matter. The treatments with Tribulus terrestris had the higher protein intake compared to control (P<0.05). The natural detergent fiber digestibility, amount of rumen ammonia nitrogen, the Diplodinium, Ophryoscolex and the total protozoa population in rations containing Tribulus terrestris was lower than control treatment (P<0.05). As ammonia nitrogen amount was 12.98, 9.87 and 9.68 mg/dL for control, 15 and 30 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. But the Entodinium and Eudiplodinium population were not different (P>0.05). The content of cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, urea and glucose of blood and liver enzymes of lambs treated with experimental rations were lower than control group; and the high density lipoprotein was higher (P<0.05). The content of low density lipoprotein was 12, 9 and 8 mg/dL for control, 15 and 30 g/kg DM, respectively. According to this current study, effect of feeding Tribulus terrestris plant powder to fattening lambs had significant effect on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood parameters of Iranian Arabic fattening lambs.

References:

Abarghouei M.J. and Roozbahan Y. (2013). The effect of grape pomace on gas production parameters of the rumen protozoa population of rumen fluid, using sheep's. J. Anim. Sci. 44(4), 384-375.

Adaikan P.G., Gauthaman K. and Prasad R.N. (2000). Proerektile pharmacological effects of Tribulus terrestris extracts on the rabbit Corpus cavernosum. Ann. Acad. Med. 29(1), 22-26.

Adimoelja A. and Adaikan P.G. (1997). Protodioscin from herbal plant Tribulus terrestris improves male sexual functions possibly via DHEA. Int. J. Impot. Res. 9, 64.

Ahmed A.H., Abbas A.M., Heba H.I. and Amir H.A. (2009). Study the biological activities of Tribulus terrestris extracts. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 11(3), 433-435.

AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Bartos P., Dolan A., Smutný L., Šístková M., Celjak I., Šoch M. and Havelka Z. (2016). Effects of phytogenic feed additives on growth performance and on ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions in growing-finishing pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 213, 143-148.

Benchaar C. and Chouinard P.Y. (2009). Short communication: Assessment of the potential of cinnamaldehyde condensed tannins, and saponins to modify milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 3392-3396.

Broderick G.A. and Kang J.H. (1980). Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J. Dairy Sci. 63, 64-75.

Busquet M., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A. and Kamel C. (2006). Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 761-771.

Cek S., Turan F. and Atik E. (2007). Masculinization of convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) by immersion in Tribulus terrestris extract. Aqua. Int. 15 (2), 109-119.

Choudhury P.K., Salem A.Z.M., Jena R., Kumar S., Singh R. and Puniya A.K. (2015). Rumen microbiology: An overview. Pp. 3-16 in Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution. K.A. Puniya, R. Singh and N.D. Kamra, Eds. Springer, New Delhi.

Cobellis G., Trabalza-Marinucci M. and Yu Z. (2016). Science of the total environment critical evaluation of essential oils as rumen modifiers in ruminant nutrition: A review. Sci. Total Environ. 545, 556-568.

FASS. (2010). Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. Federation of Animal Science Societies, Champaign, Illinois.

Fereidounpour M., Bayat Koohsar J., Gholamali A. and Ebrahimi P. (2014). The effect of essential oil of different types of thyme on gaseous metals, digestibility, and rectal bacterial factors in laboratory conditions. Anim. Prod. Res. 7(4), 125-109.

Gandhi S., Srinivasan B. and Akarte A.S. (2013). Potential nephrotoxic effects produced by steroidal saponins from hydro alcoholic extract of Tribulus terrestris in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Toxicol. Mech. Method. 23, 548-557.

Gauthaman K. and Ganesan A.P. (2008). The hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris and its role in the management of male erectile dysfunction-an evaluation using primates, rabbit and rat. Phytomedicine. 15, 44-54.

Ghasemifard M., Rahchamani R., Ghanbari F. and Mostafalo Y. (2017). Effects of Matricaria chamomille and Cichorium intybus powder on performance, Rumen microbial population and some blood parameters of Dallagh sheep. Iranian J. Vet. Med. 11, 3-11.

Guo Y., Shi D.Z., Yin H.J. and Chen K.J. (2007). Effects of Tribuli saponins on rentricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in hyperlipidemic rats. American J. Chinese Med. 35(2), 309-316.

Hejazi L. and Hosseini A. (2016). Effect of Tribulus terrestris extract on liver complications due to the gelofen consumption in adult female rats. J. Fasa Univ. Med. Sci. 6(2), 155-160.

Huang Q.F., Zhang Y.L., Lou J.L., Liu H.S. and Zheng H. (2008). Effects of Tribulus terrestris: Saponion on apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in rats. J. Chinese Integr. Med. 6(1), 45-50.

Hussain A.A., Mohammed A.A., Ibrahim H.H. and Abbas A.H. (2009). Study the biological activities of Tribulus terrestris extracts. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. 57, 433-435.

Kamboj P., Aggarwal M., Puri S. and Singla S.K. (2011). Effect of aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris on oxalateinduced oxidative stress in rats. Indian J. Nephrol. 21(3), 154-159.

Kannan E., Sasikala S., Darshit B.S., Aruna V. and Vivek N. (2015). Impact of cooked Tribulus terrestris fruit extract on lead induced hepato and renal toxicity. American J. Ethnomed. 2(1), 1-13.

Khiaosa-Ard R. and Zebeli Q. (2013). Meta-analysis of the effects of essential oils and their bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation characteristics and feed efficiency in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 91(4), 1819-1830.

Kholif S.M., Morsy T.A., Abdo M.M., Mattlloup O.H. and Abu El-Ela A.A. (2012). Effect of supplementing lactating goat’s rations with garlic, cinnamon or ginger oils on milk yield, milk composition and milk fatty ccids profile. J. life Sci. 4, 27-34.

Kianbakht S. and Jahaiani F. (2003). Evaluation of antibacterial activity or of Teriblus terrestris growing in Iran. Iranian J. Pharmacol. 2(1), 22-24.

Kistanova E. and Zlattev H. (2006). Effect of tribulus terrestris extract on reproductive performances of rams. Biotechnol. Anim. Husb. 21(1), 55-63.

Kumar M., Kumar V., Roy D., Kushwaha R. and Vaiswani S. (2014). Application of herbal feed additives in animal nutrition-a review. Int. J. Livest. Res. 4, 1-8.

Lakshmi G.D., Kumar P.R., Bharavi K., Annapurna P., Rajendar B. and Patel P.T. (2012). Protective effect of Tribulus terrestris on liver and kidney in cadmium intoxicated rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 50(2), 141-146.

McSweeney C.S., Palmer B., Bunch R. and Rause D.O. (2001). Microbial interaction with tannins: Nutritional consequences for ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 91, 83-93.

Moghaddam M.H.G., Khalili M. and Maleki M. (2013) .The effect of oral feeding of Tribulus terrestrios on sex hormone and gonadotropin 290 Levels in addicted male rats. Int. J. Fertil. Steril. 7(1), 57-62.

Mojadam A., Chaji M., Mohammadabadi T. and Tabatabai Vakili S. (2015). Nutritional value of thyme herb for sheep and its effect on digestion of fiber and protein. J. Anim. Sci. Res. 73, 277-267

Negi P.S. (2012). Plant extracts for the control of bacterial growth: efficacy, stability and safety issues for food application. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 156, 7-17.

Nourian Sarvar A., Moeni M.M. and Vosooghi F. (2015). The effect of essential oils eucalyptus on fermentation parameters and sheep methane production in vitro. J. Res. Anim. Nutr. 3, 26-19.

NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

Ody P. (2000). The Complete Guide Medicinal Herbal. Dorling Kindersley, London, United Kingdom.

Patra A.K. and Saxena J. (2011). Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91, 24-192.    

Payvastegan S., Farhoomand P., Talatapesh A. and Sahraei M. (2015). The effects of different levels of summer savory (Satureja hortensis) dry powder and essential oil on performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of west Azerbayjan native kids. Anim. Sci. J. (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi). 105, 53-66.

Raghavendra H., Saikat Sen G., Siva Rami Reddy Y. and Sridhar C. (2011). Synergistic activity of Tribulus terrestris and annona squamosal extracts against alloxan induced diabetes and hyperlipidemia in rats. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. 2(2), 976-980.

Roghani M., Baluchnejad Mojarad T., Andalibi N., Ansari F. and Sharayeli M. (2010). Effect of consumption of Tribulus terrestris on serum glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. J. Shahid Sadoughi Univ. Med. Sci. 18, 17-23.

Saeedi S. and Dayyani O. (2014). Effects of fennel seed powder in starter diet on performance of Holstein dairy cows. Pp. 78-81 in Proc. 6^th Natl. Congr. Anim. Sci., Tabriz, Iran.

Sahin A. (2009). Effects of dietary Tribulusterrestris powder on growth performance, body components and digestive system of broiler chicks. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 35(2), 193-195.

Salehpour K., Mohammadabadi T. and Ghorbani M.R. (2018). The Effect of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) leaves on digestibility, some blood and rumen metabolites and protozoa morphology in Arabi sheep. Iranian J. Anim. Sci. Res. 10(3), 353-365.

Samani N.B., Jokar A., Soveid M., Heydari M. and Mosavat S.H. (2016). Efficacy of Tribulus terrestris extract on the serum glucose and lipids of women with diabetes mellitus. Iranian J. Med. Sci. 41(3), 5-12.

SAS Institute. (2002). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Taherinia M.H., Chaji M., Mohamadabadi T., Islami M. and Sari M. (2015). Effect of garlic powder supplementation on digestibility, rumen fermentation and protozoa population. Iranian J. Anim. Res. Sci. 6, 324-332.

Talatapeh A., Farhumand P., Aliyou Ghaderzadeh Y. and Joins Nowruz Q. (2014). Effect of satureja essential oil with barley or corn on yield, rumen fermentation and blood parameters of West Azarbaijan local goats. J. Anim. Sci. 102, 23-31.

Talebzadeh R., Alipoura D., Saharkhiz M.J., Azarfar A. and Malecky M. (2012). Effect of essential oils of Zataria multiflora on in vitro rumen fermentation, protozoal population, growth and enzyme activity of anaerobic fungus isolated from Mehraban sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 172, 115-124.

Valenzuela-Grijalva N.V., Araceli P.S., Adriana M.A., Domínguez-Díaz D. and González-Río H. (2017). Dietary inclusion effects of phytochemicals as growth promoters in animal production. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 59, 8-15.

Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.

Veira D., Ivan M. and Jui P.Y. (1983). Rumen ciliate protozoa: effects on digestion in the stomach of sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 66, 1015-1022.

Yan W., Ohtani K., Kasai R. and Yamasaki K. (1996). Steroidal saponins from fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Phytochemistry. 42, 1417-1422.

Yari Haj Atalou M.P., Mohammadi R., Ali Joo J. and Khalil Wandi H. (2018). Effect of fennel powder in corn or barley diets on milk production and composition, rumen fermentation of some blood parameters of the Mahabadi milk goats in pre and postpartum period. Anim. Sci. Res. 28(1), 158-141.