Dietary Supplementation of Different Forms of Barley Grain in Mohgani Male Lambs Feeding: Impacts on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites, and Carcass Characteristics

Subject Areas : Camel

M. Kazemi ¹ , O. Jangjou ² , H. Saleh ³

1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Torbat-e Jam, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran

Received: 2022-03-25 Accepted : 2022-05-27 Published : 2022-12-01

Keywords: Tempering, dry rolling, ground, steam flaking, whole barley,

Abstract :

The effects of dietary supplementation of different forms of barley grain (whole, ground, steam flaking, tempering, and dry rolling) was investigated on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and carcass characteristics of Mohgani male lambs. Thirty male lambs were allocated in a completely randomized design to five experimental diets containing different processing forms of barley grain (whole barley grain as control, ground, steam flaking, tempering, and dry rolling) for 90 days. Lambs were fed on barley in form of dry rolling exhibited the highest final body weight (54.96 kg, P=0.003), average daily gain (350 g/day, P=0.01), blood glucose (64.54 mg/dL, P=0.05), and warm carcass weight (23.12 kg, P=0.05) compared to the lambs fed on whole barley grain. Nutrient digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber), urinary purine derivatives (allantoin, xanthine, and hypoxanthine), and internal organs weight (kidneys, lungs, and liver) were not affected by different forms of barley grain. Also, lambs fed on ground barley exhibited the highest blood urea nitrogen (14.84 mg/dL) among other experimental diets (P=0.04). Barley processing in the form of dry rolling had beneficial effects on the growth performance of male lambs, however, more scientific research is needed to study the other processing methods.

References:

Anderson V. and Schroeder J.W. (2010). Feeding Barley to Dairy Cattle. North Dakota State University Extension Service, Fargo, North Dakot, USA.

Anele U.Y., Refat B., Swift M.L., He Z., Zhao Y., McAllister T.A. and Yang W.Z. (2014). Effects of bulk density, precision processing and processing index on in vitro ruminal fermentation of dry-rolled barley grain. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 195, 28-37.

AOAC. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

Azizi-Shotorkhoft A., Rezaei J. and Fazaeli H. (2013). The effect of different levels of molasses on the digestibility, rumen parameters and blood metabolites in sheep fed processed broiler litter. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 179(1), 69-76.

Beauchemin K.A., Beauchemin W.Z. and Rode L.M. (2001). Effects of barley grain processing on the site and extent of digestion of beef feedlot finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 79, 1925-1936.

Boyles S.L., Anderson P.L. and Koch P.L. (2000). Feeding Barley to Cattle. The Beef InfoBase version 1.2 Jan. 2001/Feeding and Nutrition. ADDS Inc., Co-op Research and Extension Services NCBA. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Bradshaw W.L., Hinman D.D., Bull R.C., Everson D.O. and Sorenson S.J. (1996). Effects of barley variety and processing methods on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 18-24.

Chen X.B. and Gomes J.M. (1992). Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives: An overview of the technical details. Occasional Publication of the International Feed Resources Unit, Rowett Res. Inst., Bucksburn, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.

Dehghan-Banadaky M., Corbett R. and Oba M. (2007). Effects of barley grain processing on productivity of cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 137, 1-24.

Galyean M.L., Wagner D.G. and Owens F.N. (1981). Dry-matter and starch disappearance of corn and sorghum as influence by particle size and processing. J. Dairy Sci. 64, 1804-1812.

Goonewardene L.A., Spicer H.M., Engstrom D.F., ZoBell D.R. and Yaremcio B.J. (1998). A study on feeding ammoniated and processed barley to feedlot steers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 74, 135-142.

Gozho G.N., Hobin M.R. and Mutsvangwa T. (2008). Interactions between barley grain processing and source of supplemental dietary fat on nitrogen metabolism and urea-nitrogen recycling in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91(1), 247-259.

Hennessy D.W. and Nolan J.V. (1988). Nitrogen kinetics in cattle fed a mature subtropical grass hay with and without protein meal supplementation. Australian J. Agric. Res. 39(6), 1135-1150.

Iranian Council of Animal Care. (1995). Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals, vol. 1. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

Mathison G.W. (1996). Effects of processing on the utilization of grain by cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 58, 113-125.

Nicholson J.W.G., Gorrill A.D.L. and Burgess P.L. (1971). Loss in digestible nutrients when ensiled barley is fed whole. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 51, 697-700.

Nikkhah A., Alikhani M. and Amanlou H. (2004). Effects of feeding ground or steam-flaked broom sorghum and ground barley on performance of dairy cows in mid-lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 87(1), 122-130.

NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

Paris R.L. (2000). Potential of hulless winter barley as an improved feed crop. PhD Thesis. University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

Ramsey P.B., Mathison G.W. and Goonewardene L.A. (2001). Relationship between ruminal dry matter and starch disappearance and apparent digestibility of barley grain. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 94, 155-170.

Sadri H., Ghorbani G.R., Alikhani M., Babaei M. and Nikkhah A. (2007). Ground, dry-rolled and steam-processed barley grain for midlactation Holstein cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 138(2), 195-204.

SAS Institute. (2002). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Taghizadeh A. and Zabihollah N. (2008). Degradability characteristics of treated and untreated barley grain using in situ technique. American J. Anim. Vet. 3, 53-56.

Toland P.C. (1976). The digestibility of wheat barley or oat grain fed either whole or rolled at restricted levels with hay to steers. Australian J. Exp. Agric. 16, 71-75.

Tosta M.R., Prates L.L., Christensen D.A. and Yu P. (2019). Effects of processing methods (rolling vs. pelleting vs. steam-flaking) of cool-season adapted oats on dairy cattle production performance and metabolic characteristics compared with barley. J. Dairy Sci. 102(12), 10916-10924.

Tothi R., Lund P., Weisbjerg M.R. and Hvelplund T. (2003). Effect of expander processing on fractional rate of maize and barley starch degradation in the rumen of dairy cows estimated using rumen evacuation and in situ techniques. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 104, 71-94.

Van Keulen J. and Young B.A. (1977). Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci. 44, 282-287.

Wang Y., Greer D. and McAllister T.A. (2003). Effects of moisture, roller setting, and saponin-based surfactant on barley processing, ruminal degradation of barley, and growth performance by feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 2145-2154.

Yang W.Z., Beauchemin K.A. and Rode L.M. (1996). Ruminal digestion kinetics of temper-rolled hulless barley. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 76, 629-632.

Yang W.Z., Beauchemin K.A. and Rode L.M. (2000). Effects of barley grain processing on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 554-568.

Yang W.Z., Oba M., Swift M.L. and McAllister T.A. (2014). Short communication: Variation in response to processing, in vitro gas production and fermentation of western Canadian feed barley. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 94, 725-729.

Zinn R.A., Montano M. and Shen Y. (1996). Comparative feeding value of hulless vs. covered barley for feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 1187-1193.