Effects of Calcium, Phosphorus and Zinc in Wheat-Based Diets on Broiler Chickens’ Performance, Immunity and Bone Parameters
Subject Areas : Camelم. عسگری 1 , ع. خطیبجو 2 , ک. طاهرپور 3 , ف. فتاح نیا 4 , ح. سوری 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
Keywords: Performance, Broiler, immunity, Calcium, Zinc, phosphorus, Bone,
Abstract :
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation and different concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in wheat-based diets on the performance, immune responses and bone parameters of broiler chickens. A randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement was used (three concentrations of Zn supplementation×two concentrations of dietary Ca-P), 300 day-old broilers were assigned to six dietary treatments with five replicates of ten birds. Dietary treatments were the basal diet (control; TRT1), control plus 50 ppm Zn (TRT2), control plus 70 ppm Zn (TRT3), low Ca-P diet (0.60 to 0.30%; TRT4), low Ca-P diet plus 50 ppm Zn (TRT5) and low Ca-P diet plus 50 ppm Zn (TRT6). Ca and P in the control diet were 0.90 and 0.45% in the grower phase and 0.85 and 0.42% in the finisher phase. Changes in dietary Ca-P had no effect on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) or serum Ca and P concentrations (P>0.05) whereas Zn supplementation increased FI (P<0.05). The addition of 50 ppm Zn increased serum P concentration (P<0.05) and dietary treatments had no effect on antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (P>0.05). The lowest blood heterophil (H) and the highest lymphocyte (L) percentages and lowest H:L ratio were observed in birds fed with the diet containing a standard Ca-P with 70 ppm Zn supplementation (P<0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on bone length, thickness and breaking strength (P>0.05). Tibia and fibula ash decreased by feeding lower Ca-P than the standard diet (P<0.05). It is concluded that low Ca-P diets did not have a detrimental effect on performance or blood and bone parameters and that Zn supplementation did not improve those parameters when feed was low in Ca-P.
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