Molecular Characterization of Iraqi Local Goat Breeds Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

Subject Areas : Camel

Y. Muhammad Salih Al-Barzinj ¹ , ر. اسمات اوراماری ² , ر. عبد الغنی ال-سنجوری ³

1 - Department of Animal Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq
2 - Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
3 - Department of Animal Science, College of Veterinary, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

Received: 2016-01-07 Accepted : 2016-04-01 Published : 2016-09-01

Keywords: genetic diversity, black and shami goats, Cashmere, Maraz,

Abstract :

Cashmere is only produced from Maraz (Kurdi) goat breed in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of different Maraz color types, black goat and Shami breeds using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen primers were used and nine out of them were selected based on their number of bands (NB) and polymorphic characteristics. These primers generated a total of 154 bands ranged from 100 to 2800 bp. Out of the total bands detected only 50 bands were found to be polymorphic. Thirteen unique bands were found in Maraz goat, whereas the highest unique band was obtained in primer 7-MO2 locus. The overall Nei’s gene diversity (gene diversity/heterozygosity) averaged 0.40, while the Shannon diversity index value was 0.58 ranged from 0.45 to 0.69. Phylogenetic dendrograms showed that three clusters, the 1st cluster branch consisted of the black goat breed, the 2nd cluster includes Shami goat with both black and light brown Maraz goat. The 3rd cluster includes both white and dark brown Maraz goats. Maraz color types grouped in one cluster that contains white and dark brown types and the black with light brown types were included in another cluster. It was concluded that the Maraz goat breed was closer to Shami goat than to the black goat breed.

References:

Adam A.A., Hamza N.B., Salim M.A. and Khaleil K.S. (2015). Genetic diversity among three goat breeds in Saudi Arabia using DNA markers. J. Global Vet. 15(3), 304-308.

Anous M.R., Rashed M.A., Metawi H.R.M. and Saad Y.M. (2009). Identification of fecundity gene in Egyptian goats using genetic markers II. Molecular polymorphic markers. Egyptian J. Sheep. Goat. Sci. 4(1), 1-19.

Bearden H.J. and Fuquay J.W. (2000). Applied Animal Reproduction. Prentice HallInc.UpperSaddleRiver. New Jersey.

El-Tarras A.E., Shahaby A.F. and Banaja A.E. (2015). Assessment of genetic diversity in Saudi goats, Saudi Arabia using genetic finger printing. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 4(4), 223-231.

FAO. (2007). Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database. Available at: http://faostat. fao.org/site/497/default.aspx.

FAO. (2009). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations the State of Food Insecurity in the World.

Galal S. (2005). Biodiversity in goats. Small Rumin. Res. 60, 75-81.

Henderson C.R. (1984). Application of Linear Models in Animal Breeding. University of Guleph Publications, Guelph, Canada.

Kanaan A., Issa B. and Lawand S. (2014). Evaluation of genetic diversity in Shami goats using inter-simple sequence repeat technique (ISSR). J. Damascus Univ. Agric. Sci. 30(1), 141-150.

Kumari N., Singh L.B. and Kumar S. (2013). Molecular characterization of goats using random amplified polymorphism DNA. Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 8(1), 45-49.

Marle-Koster E.V. and Nel L.H. (2003). Genetic markers and their application in livestock breeding in South Africa. South African J. Anim. Sci. 33, 1-10.

Mason I.L. (1981). Breeds. Pp. 57-110 in Goat Production. C. Gall Ed. Academic Press, London, England.

Moradi M.H., Rostamzadeh J., Rashidi A., Vahabi K. and Farahmand H. (2014). Analysis of genetic diversity in Iranian mohair goat and its color types using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. J. Agric. Commun. 2(1), 55-62.

Oliveira R.R., Andrea A.E., Maria N.R., Samuel R.P., Maria S.M., Silvia R.C., Arthur D.M. and Manuel A. (2005). Genetic characterization of the Moxotó goat breed using RAPD markers. Pesq. Agropec. Br. 40(3), 233-239.

Oliver J.J., Cloete S.W., Schoeman S.J. and Muller C.J.C. (2005). Performance testing and recording in meat and dairy goats. Small Rumin. Res. 60, 89-93 .

Raymond M. and Rousset F. (1995).GENEPOP (version 3.3): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Heredity. 86, 248-249.

Scherf B.D. (2000). World Watch List of Domestic Animal Diversity. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.

Steele M. (1996). The Tropical Agriculturalist: Goats. Macmillan. Education Ltd. London and Basingstoke. UK.

Sulaiman B.K. (2012). Evaluation of the genetic diversity in Iraqi local breeds of goat using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Al-Anbar J. Vet. Sci. 5(1), 179-176.

Vahidi S.M., Tarang A.R, Naqvi A., Anbaran M.F., Boettcher P., Joost S., Colli L., Garcia J.F. and Ajmone-Marsan P. (2014). Investigation of the genetic diversity of domestic Capra hircus breeds reared within an early goat domestication area in Iran. Genet. Select. Evol. 46, 27-35.