Effect of Feeding of Various Types of Soybean Meal and Differently Processed Barley Grain on Performance of High Producing Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows
Subject Areas : Camel
ا. خطیبی شهری
1
,
م. دانش مسگران
2
*
,
د. زحمتکش
3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Imam Reza International University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 - گروه علوم دامی-دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد-مشهد-ایران
3 - Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Keywords: barley grain, soybean meal, Holstein cows, steam flaked, xylose protected soybean meal,
Abstract :
Twenty-four lactating Holstein dairy cows were used in a completely randomized design to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SM) and xylose protected soybean meal (XSM) in combination with ground (GB) or steam flaked (FB) barley on dry matter intake, milk production, rumen fermentation and blood responses. The experimental period lasted for 30 days. The diets consisted of the provision of 19.85% corn silage, 12.02% alfalfa hay, 0.72% wheat straw and 67.41% concentrate that averaged 17% crude proteins (DM basis) were offered two times daily. Dry matter intake (DMI) (P=0.051) and milk yield (P<0.0001) decreased by XSM in diets with GB or FB (P<0.05). The animals fed diets containing XSM had lower fat corrected milk (FCM 3.5%) and energy corrected milk (ECM) than diets containing SM (P<0.05). The milk fat and solids not fat percentage in XSM were significantly higher than SM (P<0.05) but milk protein percentage was lower (P<0.05). A comparison of GB versus FB and SM versus XSM diets indicated that the milk protein yield was higher for diets containing FB (P<0.05) and containing SM (P<0.001). Blood metabolites were significantly different between treatments (P<0.05). The diets containing XSM had lower levels of non-esterified fatty acids and higher levels blood urine nitrogen than those containing SM (P<0.05). The Acetate, propionate, valerate and butyrate concentrations differed significantly between the diets (P<0.05). In according to the results of our experiment, soybean meal in combination with ground barely may alter the performance of Holstein dairy cows.
Allison M.J. (1978). Production of branched-chain volatile fatty acids by certain anaerobic bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35, 872-877.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Atwal A.S., Mahadevan J.S. and Wolynetz M.S. (1995). Increased milk production of cows in early lactation fed chemically treated soybean meal. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 595-603.
Bach A., Calsamiglia S. and Stern M.D. (2005). Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 9-21.
Broderick G.A., Ricker D.B. and Driver L.S. (1990(. Expeller soybean meal and corn byproducts versus solvent soybean meal for lactating dairy cows fed alfalfa silage as the sole forage. J. Dairy Sci. 73, 453-462.
Brzoska F. (2005). Effect of soybean meal protected with Ca salts of fatty acids on cows’ yield, protein and fat components in milk and blood. Ann. Anim. Sci. 5, 111-123.
Butler W.R., Calaman J.J. and Beam S.W. (1996). Plasma and milk urea nitrogen in relation to pregnancy rate in lactating dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 858-865.
Calsamiglia S., Ferret A., Reynolds C.K., Kristensen N.B. and van Vuuren A.M. (2010). Strategies for optimizing nitrogen use by ruminants. Animal. 4, 1184-1196.
Colmenero J.J. and Broderick G.A. (2006). Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89(5), 1704-1712.
Danesh Mesgaran M. and Stern M.D. (2005). Ruminal and post-ruminal protein disappearance of various feeds originating from Iranian plant varieties determined by the in situ mobile bag technique and alternative methods. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 118, 31-46.
Faverdin P. (1999). The effect of nutrients on feed intake in ruminants. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 58, 523-531.
Ferraretto L.F., Crump P.M. and Shaver R.D. (2013). Effect of cereal grain type and corn grain harvesting and processing methods on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows through a meta-analysis. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 533-550.
Flis S.A. and Wattiaux M.A. (2005). Effects of parity and supply of rumen-degraded and undegraded protein on production and nitrogen balance in Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2096-2106.
Goelema J.O., Spreeuwenberg M.A.M., Hof G., van der Poel A.F.B. and Tamminga S. (1998). Effect of pressure toasting on the rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of whole and broken peas, lupins and faba beans and a mixture of these feedstuffs. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 76, 35-50.
Guyton A.D., McKinney J.M. and Knowlton K.F. (2003). The effect of steam-flaked or dry ground corn and supplemental phytic acid on phosphorus partitioning and ruminal phytase activity in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 3972-3982.
Harstad O.M. and Prestlukken E. (2000). Effective rumen degradability and intestinal indigestibility of individual amino acids in solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) and xylose treated SBM (SoyPass1) determined in situ. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 83, 31-47.
Huntington G.B. (1997). Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 852-867.
Ingvartsen K.L. (2006). Feeding and management related diseases in the transition cow. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 126, 175-213.
Ipharraguerre I.R. and Clark J.H. (2005). Impacts of the source and amount of crude protein on the intestinal supply of nitro-gen fractions and performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 22-37.
Ipharraguerre I.R., Clark J.H. and Freeman D.E. (2005). Rumen fermentation and intestinal supply of nutrients in dairy cows fed rumen-protected soy products. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2879-2892.
Jahani-Moghadam M., Mahjoubi E., Amanlou H. and Mohammadi S. (2014). Effects of supplementing xylose-treated soybean meal or untreated corn gluten meal to lactating dairy cows. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4, 485-491.
Janovick N.A., Boisclair Y.R. and Drackley J.K. (2011). Prepartum dietary energy intake affects metabolism and health during the periparturient period in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 94(3), 1385-1400.
Khatibi Shahri A., Danesh Mesgaran M. and Zahmatkesh D. (2018). Rumen fermentation response to protein degradation. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 8(4), 575-582.
Ljokjel K., Harstad O.M., Prestlukken E. and Skrede A. (2003). In situ digestibility of starch in barley grain (Hordeum vulgare) and peas (Psium sativum) in dairy cows: Influence of heat treatment and glucose additions. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 107, 105-116.
Malekjahani F., Danesh Mesgaran M., Vakili A., Sadeghi M. and Yu P. (2017). A novel approach to determine synchronization index of lactating dairy cow diets with minimal sensitivity to random variations. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 225, 143-156.
Mashek D.G. and Grummer R.R. (2003). Effects of long chain fatty acids on lipid and glucose metabolism in monolayer cultures of bovine hepatocytes. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 2390-2396.
Mathison G.W., Engstrom D.F. and Macleod D.D. (1991). Effect of feeding whole and rolled barley to steers in the morning or afternoon in diets containing differing proportions of hay and grain. Anim. Prod. 53, 321-330.
McAllister T.A. and Cheng K.J. (1996). Microbial strategies in the ruminal digestion of cereal grains. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 62, 29-36.
Mohamed D., Faverdin P. and Verite R. (2001). Effects of the level and source of dietary protein on intake and milk yield in dairy cows. J. Anim. Res. 50, 205-211.
Nakamura T., Klopfenstein T.J., Owen F.G., Britton R.A., Grant R.J. and Winowiski T.S. (1992.( Non enzymatically browned soybean meal for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75, 3519-3523.
NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Reynal S.M. and Broderick G.A. (2003). Effects of feeding dairy cows protein supplements of varying ruminal degradability. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 835-843.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Shen J.S., Chai Z., Song L.J., Liu J.X. and Wu Y.M. (2012). Insertion depth of oral stomach tubes may affect the fermentation parameters of ruminal fluid collected in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 5978-5984.
Sinclair K.D., Garnsworthy P.C., Mann G.E. and Sinclair L.A. (2014). Reducing dietary protein in dairy cow diets: Implications for nitrogen utilization, milk production, welfare and fertility. Animal. 8, 262-274.
Stanford K., Mcallister T.A., Xu Z., Pickard M. and Cheng K.J. (1995). Compression of lignosulfonate treated canola meal and soybean meal protein as rumen undegradable protein supplements for lambs. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 75, 371-377.
Stern M.D., Calsamiglia S. and Endres M.I. (1994). Dynamics of ruminal nitrogen metabolism and their impact on in testinal protein supply. Pp. 105 in Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf., Ithaca, New York.
Stokes S.R., Hoover W.H., Miller T.K. and Manski R.P. (1991). Impact of carbohydrate and protein levels on bacterial metabolism in continuous culture. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 860-870.
Talke H .and Schubert G.E. (1965). Enzymatic urea determination in the blood and serum in the warburg optical test. Klin. Wochenschr. 43, 174-175.
Trinder P. (1969). Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 6, 24-27.
Ure A.L., Dhiman T.R., Stern M.D. and Olsan K.C. (2005). Treated extruded soybean meal as a source of fat and protein for dairy cows. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 7, 980-989.
Van Keulen J.V. and Young B.A. (1977). Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci. 44, 282-287.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Levis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Warly L.T., Matsui T., Harumoto T. and Fujihara T. (1992). The effects of protein and energy supplementation on the utilization of rice straw and rumination behavior in sheep. In: Recent advances in animal production. Pp. 243 in Proc. 6th AAAP Anim. Sci. Congr., Bangkok, Thailand.
Windschitl P.M. and Stern M.D. (1988). Evaluation of calcium lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal as a source of rumen protected protein for dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 71, 3310-3322.
Zhong R.Z., Li J.G., Gao Y.X., Tan Z.L. and Ren G.P. (2008). Effects of substitution of different levels of steam-flaked corn for finely ground corn on lactation and digestion in early lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 3931-3937.