Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Serum Biochemicals of Japanese Quails Fed with Oat Bran (Avena sativa) and Dill Seed (Anethum graveolens)
Subject Areas : Camelع. رفیعی-طاری 1 , ک. کریمی 2 , س.ع. حسینی 3 , ا. میمندی پور 4 *
1 - Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
3 - Department of Nutrition, Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Biotechnology and genomics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: growth performance, carcass, quail, dill seed, oat bran, serum biochemicals,
Abstract :
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the additional effects of two ground medicinal herbs oat bran (OB) and dill seed (DS) on serum lipids, carcass characteristics and growth performance in Japanese quails. A total of 240-twenty one day of age male Japanese quails were allocated randomly to 3 treatments with 4 replicates of 20 birds per cage. Birds during the 22-49days on trial received 3 dietary treatments: 1) control diet, 2) diets with 3% OB and 3) diets with 3% DS. From 4-7 weeks of age, body weight gain was higher for OB-fed birds (P<0.05) compared to other treatments, while the body weight gain of DS-fed birds was intermediate (P>0.05). Birds that received diet containing DS consumed significantly (P<0.05) lower feed compared to two other groups. Over the experimental periodfeed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved in the group that received 3% DS compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Carcass weight and carcass components was not positively influenced by the dietary treatments (P>0.05). Both DS and BO-fed birds showed significantly (P<0.05) lower very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride serum compared to control group. Furthermore, feeding DS significantly decreased the testosterone level of serum as compared to the control birds. DS group were very calm during the experiment which is a desirable effect from a management and nutrition points of view. Taken together, these results suggest the beneficial effects of DS on growth performance, efficiency of feed utilization and behavior of quails; thus, it can be considered as a potential natural growth promoter for quails breeding.
Abaza I.M. (2001). The use of some medicinal plants as feed additives in broiler diets. Ph D. Thesis. Alexandria Univ., Egypt.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Ather M.A.M. (2000). Polyherbal additive proves effective against vertical transmission of IBD. World Poult. Els.16, 50-52.
Ayaşan T. (2013). Effects of dietary Yucca schidigera on hatchability of Japanese quails. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 83(6), 641-644.
Bahadori M.M., Irani M., Ansari Pirsaraei Z. and Koochaksaraie R.R. (2013). The Effects of dill powder in diet on some blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and broiler performance. Glob. Vet. 10, 500-504.
Çabuk M., Alçiçek A., Bozkurt M. and İmre N. (2003). Antimicrobial properties of the essential oils isolated from aromatic plants and using possibility as alternative feed additives. Pp. 184-187 in Proc. 2nd Nation. Anim. Nutr. Cong. Konya, Turkey.
Cho J.H. and Kim I.H. (2012). Effects of different levels of fermented oat on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, diarrhea incidence, fecal microorganisms and emission gas in weaned pigs. Canadian J. Agric. Sci. 4, 40-50.
Christaki E.V., Bonos E.M. and Florou-Paneri P.C. (2011). Use of anise seed and / or α-tocopheryl acetate in laying Japanese quail diets. South African J. Anim. Sci. 41, 126-133.
Crampton E.W. and Maynard L.A. (1983). The relation of cellulose and lignin content to nutritive value of animal feeds. J. Nutr. 15, 383-395.
Duncan D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics. 11, 1-42.
El-Gendi G.M.I., Ismail F.A.S. and El-Aggoury S.M. (1994). Effect of Cocci-Nel and Lomoton dietary supplementation as herbal growth promoters on productive performance of broilers. Ann. Agric. Sci. 32, 1511-1528.
Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I. and Frederickson D.S. (1972). Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18, 499-502.
Garcia V., Catala-Gregori P., Hernandez F.M., Megias M.D. and Madrid J. (2007). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16(4), 555-562.
Hernandez F., Madrid J., Garcia V., Orengo J. and Megias M.D. (2004). Influence of two plant extract on broiler performance, digestibility and digestive organ size. Poult. Sci. 83, 169-174.
Hertrampt J.W. (2001). Alternative antibacterial performance promoters. Poult. Int. 40, 50-52.
Ibrahim S.A. (2005). Effect of some medicinal plants as feed additives on growth and some metabolic changes in rabbits. Egyption J. Nutr. Feed. 8, 207-219.
Immerstrand T. and Andersson K.E., Wange C., Rascon A., Hellstrand P., Nyman M., Cui S.W., Bergenstahl B., Tragardh C. and Oste R. (2010). Effects of oat bran, processed to different molecular weights of β-glucan, on plasma lipids and caecal formation of SCFA in mice. Br. J. Nutr. 104, 364-373.
Kerckhoffs D.A.J.M., Hornstra G. and Mensink R.P. (2003). Cholesterol-lowering effect of β-glucan from oat bran in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects may decrease when β-glucan is incorporated into bread and cookies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 78, 221-227.
Khodary R.M., El-Ezzawy M.H. and Hamdy I.R. (1996). Effect of Nigella sativa on eggproduction, hatchability percentage and some biochemical values in laying hens with reference to fertility in cockerels. Pp. 91-106 in Proc. 7th Sci. Cong. Fac. Vet. Med. Assuit, Egypt.
Kojuri J., Vosoughi A.R. and Akrami M. (2007). Effects of Anethum graveolens and garlic on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic patients. Lipids. Health Dis. 6, 5-10.
Lee K.W., Everts H. and Beynen A.C. (2004). Essential oils in broiler nutrition. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3, 738-752.
Lee K.W., Everts H., Kappert H.J.M., Frehnerb M., Losab R. and Beynena A.C. (2003). Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 44(3), 450-457.
Marlett J.A., Hosig K.B., Vollendorf N.W., Shinnick F.L., Haack V.S. and Story J.A. (1994). Mechanism of serum cholesterol reduction by oat bran. Hepatology. 20, 1450-1457.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Osman M. (2002). Beneficial effects of black seed oil inclusion in broiler diet on performance and carcass characteristics. Egyption Poult. Sci. 22, 839-853.
Richter C. (2010). Celebrating dill, herb of the year 2010. Availableaat: http://www.richters.com/show.cgi.
Sadiq Butt M., Tahir-Nadeem M., Iqbal Khan M.K., Shabir R. and Butt S.M. (2008). Oat: unique among the cereals. European J. Nutr. 47, 68-79.
Salamatmanesh M., Shiravi A. and Heidari M. (2008). Effects of dill seed essence on spermatogenesis in male Wistar rats. Anim. Biol. 2, 24-30.
Schwarz S., Kehrenberg C. and Walsh T.R. (2001). Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 17, 431-437.
Soliman A.Z.M., Ali M.A. and Abdo Z.M.A. (2003). Effect of marjoram, bacitracin and active yeast as feed additives on the performance and the microbial content of the broiler's intestinal tract. Egyption Poult. Sci. 23, 445-467.
SPSS Inc. (2011). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 10.1. Chicago SPSS Inc.
US Food Drug Administration. (1997). FDA final rule for federal labelling: health claims, oats and coronary heart disease. Fed. Regist. 62(3), 3584-3681.
Webster F.H. (1986). Oats: Chemistry and Technology. AACC., St. Paul.
Williams P. and Losa R. (2001). The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. World Poult. Els. 17, 14-15.
Yazdanparast R. and Bahramikia S. (2008). Evaluation of the effect of Anethum graveolens crude extracts on serum lipids and lipoproteins profiles in hypercholesterolaemic rats. DARU. J. Pharm. Sci. 16, 88-94.
Zhang Y., Zhang H., Hua S., Ma L., Chen C., Liu X., Jiang L., Yang Y., Zhang P., Yu D., Guo Y., Xue H., Tan X. and Liu J. (2007). Identification of two herbal compounds with potential cholesterol-lowering activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 74, 940-947.