The Effects of Different Levels of Tomato Pomace and Processing Methods on Production Performance and Blood Metabolites of Native Laying Hens

Subject Areas : Camel

ا. جلالی نسب ¹ , ع. نوبخت ² , و س. رزاق‌زاده ³

1 - Agriculture Jihad Organization of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
3 - Agriculture Jihad Organization of Urmia, Urmia, Iran

Received: 2013-07-12 Accepted : 2013-08-15 Published : 2014-06-01

Keywords: Performance, tomato pomace, Egg traits, native laying hens,

Abstract :

In this experiment 180 Azerbaijan province native laying hens from 28 to 40 weeks were separated in 6 treatments and 3 replicates (10 birds per replicate) as a (2 × 3) factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments included two levels of dried tomato pomace (DTP) (8 and 16%) and 3 types of using methods (unprocessed, alkali and acid processed). The results showed that different levels of DTP and processing methods significantly affected the performance, egg traits and blood parameters of native laying hens (P<0.05). Using 16% of DTP in contrary with 8%, without having any other adverse effects on feed conversion ratio and other production parameters, only reduced the eggs weight. In interaction between the levels of DTP and processing methods, alkali processing, improved the adverse effects of high level of DTP on eggs weight, while acid processing could not show this effect. DTP processing and levels, improved the egg yolk color index. Processing with acid increased the values of triglyceride and albumin in the hens' blood. In 16% of DTP, more than triglyceride and albumin, the level of total protein in contrary with 8% increased. Interaction between DTP and processing methods showed that with 16% of DTP in alkali treating, the values of triglyceride and albumin in blood reduce, while the total protein increased. In acid treating, the percentages of heterophile and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio reduced, while the lymphocyte percentage increased.The overall results showed that in native laying hens, using dried tomato pomace up to 16% of their diets, not only did not have any adverse effects on their performance, egg traits and blood parameters, but also increases some of them, that these beneficial effects improved by alkali and acid processing methods.

References:

AOAC. (2002). Official Methods of Analysis. 16^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
Dotas D., Zamanidis S. and Balios J. (1999). Effect of dried tomato pulp on the performance andegg traits of laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 40, 695-697.
Farkhoy M., Sigharody F. and Niknafas F. (1994). Poultry Breeding. CoasarPublication. Iran.
Gerster H. (1997). The potential role of lycopene for human health. J. Anim. Coll. Nutr. 16(2), 109-126.
Gross W.B. and Sigel P.S. (1983). Evaluation of heterophil to lymphocyte ratio asmeasure of stressin chickens. Avian Dis. 27, 972-979.
Jafari M., Pirmohammadi R.R. and Bampidis V. (2006). The use of dried tomato pulp in diets oflaying hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 618-622.
Mansoori B., Modirsanei M., Radfar M., Kiaei M.M., Farkhoy M. and Honarzad J. (2008). Digestibility and metabolisable energy values of dried tomato pomace for laying and meattype cockerels. Anim.Feed Sci. Technol. 141, 384-390.
Mlodowski M. and Kuchta M. (1998). Using carotenoid pigments from tomato pulp to improveegg yolk color in laying hens. Rocz. Nauk. Zootech. 25, 133-144.
Nazifi S. (1997). Hematology and Clinical Biochemistry of Birds. Shiraz University Publication. Iran.
Nobakht A. and Safamehr A.R. (2007). The effect of inclusion different levels of dried tomato pomace in laying hens diets on performance and plasma and egg yolk cholesterol contents.J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 6(9), 1101-1106.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9^th Rev. Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Persia M.E., Parsons C.M., Schany J.M. and Azcona J.M. (2003). Nutritional evaluation of driedtomato seeds. Poult.Sci. 82, 141-148.
Rahmatnejad E., Bojarpour M., Mirzadeh K.H., Chaji M. and Ashayerzadeh O. (2009). The effect of different levels of dried tomato pomace on broilers chicken hematological indices.J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8(10), 1680-5593.
Safamehr A., Malek H. and Nobakht A. (2011).The effect of different levels of tomato pomace with or without multi enzyme on performance and egg traits of laying hens. Iranian J.Anim.Sci. 1(1), 39-48.
Sahin N., Orhan C., Tuzucu M., Sahin K. and Kucuk O. (2008). The effects of tomato powder supplementation on performance and lipid peroxidation in quail. Poult. Sci. 87, 276-283.
SAS Institute. (2005). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.12. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Squires M.W., Naber E.C. and Toelle V.D. (1992). The effects of heat, water, acid and alkalitreatment of tomato cannery wastes on growth, metabolizable energy value, and nitrogenutilization of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 71, 522-529.
Sturkie P.D. (1995). Avian Physiology. Springer Verlag. New York.
Yannakopoulos A.L., Tserveni-Gousi A.S. and Christaki E.V. (1992). Effect of locally produced tomato meal on the performance and the egg quality of laying hens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 36, 53-57.